Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In June 2024, Cyprus' road diesel supply was 29 kt, all of it imported, from Greece (69%) and Israel (31%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Iraq (22%), Kazakhstan (16%) and Libya (15%), and 33% cannot be traced.
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Crude origin (estimate)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Jun 2024)
4.4 thousand tonnes
est. 15% of Cyprus's road diesel supply
less than 0.1 kt reported4.4 kt estimated
Inferred · medium
Refined in
- Greece4.4 kt (est. 100%)
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Greece | Cyprus: road diesel supply | 20,030 | 68.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Israel | Cyprus: road diesel supply | 9,155 | 31.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Israel: no crude data | Israel | 9,155 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Iraq | Greece | 6,339 | 31.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Greece | 4,674 | 23.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Greece | 4,411 | 22.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece | 1,888 | 9.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Greece | 907 | 4.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Greece: crude not from imports | Greece | 596 | 3.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Côte d’Ivoire | Greece | 432 | 2.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Greece | 399 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Egypt | Greece | 385 | 1.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-06 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Cyprus’s supply of road diesel in 2024-06, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-06 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-04 to 2024-06.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Israel: no crude data (9,155 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Greece: crude not from imports (596 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.