Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In April 2026, Cyprus' road diesel supply was 33 kt, all of it imported, from Israel (50%), Greece (43%) and the Netherlands (7%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Iraq (12%), Kazakhstan (10%) and Libya (7%), and 51% cannot be traced.
Country
Iraq3.9 kt (est. 12%)Kazakhstan3.2 kt (est. 10%)Libya2.4 kt (est. 7%)Norway2.2 kt (est. 7%)Saudi Arabia1.8 kt (est. 5%)United States0.9 kt (est. 3%)Azerbaijan0.8 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins1.2 kt (est. 3%)Israel: no crude data17 kt (50%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.2 kt (<1%)Israel17 kt (50%)Greece14 kt (43%)Netherlands2.5 kt (7%)Cyprus: road diesel supply33 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Israel
- Greece
- Netherlands
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Road diesel supplied (Apr 2026)
2.5 thousand tonnes
7% of Cyprus's road diesel supply
Official
Crude behind it (estimate)
- Other crude origins0.8 kt (est. 33%)
- Norway0.5 kt (est. 22%)
- United States0.5 kt (est. 20%)
and 6 more in the table above
Source: Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis); Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Israel | Cyprus: road diesel supply | 16,507 | 50.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Greece | Cyprus: road diesel supply | 14,037 | 42.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Cyprus: road diesel supply | 2,457 | 7.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Israel: no crude data | Israel | 16,507 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Iraq | Greece | 3,844 | 27.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Greece | 2,918 | 20.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Greece | 2,342 | 16.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece | 1,704 | 12.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Greece | 1,672 | 11.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 807 | 32.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Cyprus split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Greece | 773 | 5.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 535 | 21.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Cyprus split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 497 | 20.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Cyprus split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Greece | 441 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Greece | 344 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 245 | 10.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Cyprus split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 210 | 8.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 62 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Cyprus split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 59 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Cyprus split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Netherlands | 26 | 1.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Cyprus split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Netherlands | 17 | 0.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Cyprus split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-04 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-04 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Cyprus’s supply of road diesel in 2026-04, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-04 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-02 to 2026-04.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Israel: no crude data (16,507 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (210 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.