Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In January 2024, Cyprus' road diesel supply was 40 kt, all of it imported, from Greece (59%) and Israel (41%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Iraq (22%), Kazakhstan (14%) and Libya (9%), and 43% cannot be traced.
Country
Iraq8.7 kt (est. 22%)Kazakhstan5.6 kt (est. 14%)Libya3.5 kt (est. 9%)Saudi Arabia0.9 kt (est. 2%)Egypt0.9 kt (est. 2%)United States0.7 kt (est. 2%)Azerbaijan0.6 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins1.4 kt (est. 4%)Israel: no crude data16 kt (41%)Greece: crude origin not reported0.5 kt (1%)Greece: crude not from imports0.5 kt (1%)Greece23 kt (59%)Israel16 kt (41%)Cyprus: road diesel supply40 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Iraq8.7 kt (est. 22%)
- Kazakhstan5.6 kt (est. 14%)
- Libya3.5 kt (est. 9%)
- Saudi Arabia0.9 kt (est. 2%)
- Egypt0.9 kt (est. 2%)
- United States0.7 kt (est. 2%)
- Azerbaijan0.6 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins1.4 kt (est. 4%)
- Israel: no crude data16 kt (41%)
- Greece: crude origin not reported0.5 kt (1%)
- Greece: crude not from imports0.5 kt (1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Jan 2024)
16.2 thousand tonnes
41% of Cyprus's road diesel supply
Unknown
Last shipped from
- Israel16 kt (100%)
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Greece | Cyprus: road diesel supply | 23,405 | 59.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Israel | Cyprus: road diesel supply | 16,219 | 40.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Israel: no crude data | Israel | 16,219 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Iraq | Greece | 8,715 | 37.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Greece | 5,609 | 24.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Greece | 3,548 | 15.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Greece | 1,393 | 6.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece | 930 | 4.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Egypt | Greece | 875 | 3.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Greece | 718 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Greece | 639 | 2.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Greece: crude origin not reported | Greece | 491 | 2.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Greece: crude not from imports | Greece | 486 | 2.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-01 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-01 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Cyprus’s supply of road diesel in 2024-01, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-01 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-11 to 2024-01.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Israel: no crude data (16,219 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Greece: crude origin not reported (491 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Greece: crude not from imports (486 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.