Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In October 2023, Cyprus' jet fuel supply was 23 kt, all of it imported, from Israel (77%) and Greece (23%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Iraq (11%), and 78% cannot be traced.
Country
Iraq2.5 kt (est. 11%)Kazakhstan0.9 kt (est. 4%)Libya0.6 kt (est. 3%)Egypt0.2 kt (est. 1%)Norway0.2 kt (est. 1%)Saudi Arabia0.2 kt (est. <1%)United States0.1 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins0.2 kt (est. <1%)Israel: no crude data18 kt (77%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.2 kt (<1%)Israel18 kt (77%)Greece5.3 kt (23%)Cyprus: jet fuel supply23 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Israel | Cyprus: jet fuel supply | 18,137 | 77.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Greece | Cyprus: jet fuel supply | 5,280 | 22.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Israel: no crude data | Israel | 18,137 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Iraq | Greece | 2,481 | 47.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's jet fuel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Greece | 905 | 17.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's jet fuel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Greece | 625 | 11.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's jet fuel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Egypt | Greece | 248 | 4.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's jet fuel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Greece | 241 | 4.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's jet fuel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Greece | 231 | 4.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's jet fuel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Greece | 224 | 4.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece | 212 | 4.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's jet fuel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Greece | 113 | 2.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's jet fuel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2023-10 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2023-10 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Cyprus’s supply of jet fuel in 2023-10, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2023-10 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-08 to 2023-10.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Israel: no crude data (18,137 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (224 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.