Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In February 2024, Cyprus' petrol supply was 24 kt, all of it imported, from Greece (68%) and Israel (32%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Iraq (24%), Kazakhstan (19%) and Libya (10%), and 34% cannot be traced.
Country
Iraq5.7 kt (est. 24%)Kazakhstan4.4 kt (est. 19%)Libya2.4 kt (est. 10%)Saudi Arabia1.0 kt (est. 4%)Egypt0.6 kt (est. 3%)Azerbaijan0.4 kt (est. 2%)Norway0.4 kt (est. 1%)Other crude origins0.7 kt (est. 3%)Israel: no crude data7.5 kt (32%)Greece: crude origin not reported0.3 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)Greece16 kt (68%)Israel7.5 kt (32%)Cyprus: petrol supply24 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Iraq5.7 kt (est. 24%)
- Kazakhstan4.4 kt (est. 19%)
- Libya2.4 kt (est. 10%)
- Saudi Arabia1.0 kt (est. 4%)
- Egypt0.6 kt (est. 3%)
- Azerbaijan0.4 kt (est. 2%)
- Norway0.4 kt (est. 1%)
- Other crude origins0.7 kt (est. 3%)
- Israel: no crude data7.5 kt (32%)
- Greece: crude origin not reported0.3 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Greece | Cyprus: petrol supply | 16,057 | 68.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Israel | Cyprus: petrol supply | 7,534 | 31.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Israel: no crude data | Israel | 7,534 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Iraq | Greece | 5,711 | 35.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's petrol to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Greece | 4,373 | 27.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's petrol to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Greece | 2,425 | 15.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's petrol to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece | 988 | 6.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's petrol to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Greece | 691 | 4.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's petrol to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Egypt | Greece | 610 | 3.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's petrol to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Greece | 444 | 2.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's petrol to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Greece | 353 | 2.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's petrol to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Greece: crude origin not reported | Greece | 341 | 2.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Greece | 120 | 0.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-02 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-02 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Cyprus’s supply of petrol in 2024-02, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-02 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-12 to 2024-02.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Israel: no crude data (7,534 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Greece: crude origin not reported (341 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (120 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.