Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2024, Cyprus' jet fuel supply was 24 kt, all of it imported, from Israel (82%) and Greece (18%); tracing one step back, no single crude origin reaches 5% of it, and 82% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan1.2 kt (est. 5%)Iraq1.2 kt (est. 5%)Libya0.5 kt (est. 2%)Saudi Arabia0.4 kt (est. 2%)Norway0.4 kt (est. 2%)Egypt0.3 kt (est. 1%)Azerbaijan0.2 kt (est. <1%)Nigeria0.1 kt (est. <1%)Israel: no crude data20 kt (82%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)Israel20 kt (82%)Greece4.3 kt (18%)Cyprus: jet fuel supply24 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Israel | Cyprus: jet fuel supply | 19,638 | 82.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Greece | Cyprus: jet fuel supply | 4,286 | 17.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Israel: no crude data | Israel | 19,638 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Kazakhstan | Greece | 1,186 | 27.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's jet fuel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Greece | 1,179 | 27.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's jet fuel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Greece | 460 | 10.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's jet fuel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece | 430 | 10.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's jet fuel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Greece | 367 | 8.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's jet fuel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Egypt | Greece | 260 | 6.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's jet fuel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Greece | 237 | 5.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's jet fuel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Greece | 105 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's jet fuel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Greece | 62 | 1.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-11 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Cyprus’s supply of jet fuel in 2024-11, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-11 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-09 to 2024-11.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Israel: no crude data (19,638 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (62 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.