Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In June 2025, Cyprus' road diesel supply was 41 kt, all of it imported, from Greece (63%), Israel (21%) and Italy (17%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Kazakhstan (22%), Iraq (21%) and Libya (12%), and 23% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan9.2 kt (est. 22%)Iraq8.8 kt (est. 21%)Libya5.0 kt (est. 12%)Saudi Arabia2.9 kt (est. 7%)Norway1.9 kt (est. 5%)Azerbaijan1.3 kt (est. 3%)Egypt0.9 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins2.0 kt (est. 5%)Israel: no crude data8.5 kt (21%)Italy: crude not from imports0.9 kt (2%)Greece26 kt (63%)Israel8.5 kt (21%)Italy6.8 kt (17%)Cyprus: road diesel supply41 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Greece | Cyprus: road diesel supply | 26,114 | 63.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Israel | Cyprus: road diesel supply | 8,500 | 20.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Cyprus: road diesel supply | 6,840 | 16.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Israel: no crude data | Israel | 8,500 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Iraq | Greece | 8,491 | 32.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Greece | 8,128 | 31.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Greece | 3,697 | 14.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece | 2,588 | 9.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Greece | 1,840 | 7.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Italy | 1,399 | 20.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Cyprus split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Italy | 1,347 | 19.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Cyprus split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | 1,340 | 19.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Cyprus split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 1,031 | 15.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Cyprus split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Italy: crude not from imports | Italy | 853 | 12.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Egypt | Greece | 752 | 2.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Greece | 617 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Italy | 354 | 5.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Cyprus split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 352 | 5.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Cyprus split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Egypt | Italy | 122 | 1.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Cyprus split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Italy | 43 | 0.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Cyprus split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-06 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-06 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Cyprus’s supply of road diesel in 2025-06, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-06 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-04 to 2025-06.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Israel: no crude data (8,500 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Italy: crude not from imports (853 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.