Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In October 2025, Cyprus' jet fuel supply was 30 kt, all of it imported, from Saudi Arabia (39%), Greece (38%) and Israel (22%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Iraq (15%), Kazakhstan (8%) and Libya (6%), and 62% cannot be traced.
Country
Iraq4.5 kt (est. 15%)Kazakhstan2.3 kt (est. 8%)Libya1.9 kt (est. 6%)Saudi Arabia1.0 kt (est. 3%)Azerbaijan0.6 kt (est. 2%)Norway0.5 kt (est. 2%)Egypt0.3 kt (est. 1%)Saudi Arabia: no crude data12 kt (39%)Israel: no crude data6.6 kt (22%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.3 kt (<1%)Saudi Arabia12 kt (39%)Greece11 kt (38%)Israel6.6 kt (22%)Cyprus: jet fuel supply30 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Saudi Arabia
- Greece
- Israel
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saudi Arabia | Cyprus: jet fuel supply | 11,799 | 39.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Greece | Cyprus: jet fuel supply | 11,490 | 38.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Israel | Cyprus: jet fuel supply | 6,625 | 22.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saudi Arabia: no crude data | Saudi Arabia | 11,799 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Israel: no crude data | Israel | 6,625 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Iraq | Greece | 4,530 | 39.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's jet fuel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Greece | 2,335 | 20.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's jet fuel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Greece | 1,887 | 16.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's jet fuel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece | 1,011 | 8.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's jet fuel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Greece | 635 | 5.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's jet fuel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Greece | 517 | 4.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's jet fuel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Egypt | Greece | 322 | 2.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's jet fuel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Greece | 253 | 2.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-10 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-10 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Cyprus’s supply of jet fuel in 2025-10, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-10 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-08 to 2025-10.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Saudi Arabia: no crude data (11,799 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Israel: no crude data (6,625 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (253 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.