Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In September 2023, Czechia's road diesel supply was 485 kt: 53% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (30%) and Slovakia (13%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (43%), Azerbaijan (13%) and Kazakhstan (9%), and 3% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia209 kt (est. 43%)Azerbaijan64 kt (est. 13%)Kazakhstan44 kt (est. 9%)United States42 kt (est. 9%)Norway27 kt (est. 6%)Libya18 kt (est. 4%)United Kingdom13 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins55 kt (est. 11%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported6.5 kt (1%)Germany: crude not from imports5.5 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.7 kt (<1%)Czechia (own refineries)255 kt (53%)Germany146 kt (30%)Slovakia63 kt (13%)Poland10 kt (2%)Austria9.0 kt (2%)Hungary2.0 kt (<1%)Czechia: road diesel supply485 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Russia209 kt (est. 43%)
- Azerbaijan64 kt (est. 13%)
- Kazakhstan44 kt (est. 9%)
- United States42 kt (est. 9%)
- Norway27 kt (est. 6%)
- Libya18 kt (est. 4%)
- United Kingdom13 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins55 kt (est. 11%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported6.5 kt (1%)
- Germany: crude not from imports5.5 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.7 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Sep 2023)
63.8 thousand tonnes
est. 13% of Czechia's road diesel supply
less than 0.1 kt reported64 kt estimated
Inferred · medium
Refined in
- Czechia (own refineries)61 kt (est. 95%)
- Germany2.8 kt (est. 4%)
- Austria0.1 kt (est. <1%)
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia (own refineries) | Czechia: road diesel supply | 255,000 | 52.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Czechia: road diesel supply | 146,000 | 30.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Czechia: road diesel supply | 63,000 | 13.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Poland | Czechia: road diesel supply | 10,000 | 2.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Austria | Czechia: road diesel supply | 9,000 | 1.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Czechia: road diesel supply | 2,000 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Czechia (own refineries) | 151,612 | 59.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia (own refineries) | 60,868 | 23.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 55,559 | 88.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 39,872 | 27.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 25,835 | 17.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia (own refineries) | 22,190 | 8.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 22,068 | 15.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 17,857 | 12.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 16,211 | 11.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Czechia (own refineries) | 15,868 | 6.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 12,878 | 8.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 7,441 | 11.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude not from imports | Germany | 5,495 | 3.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Poland | 5,343 | 53.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Poland | 3,644 | 36.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 3,394 | 37.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Czechia (own refineries) | 3,099 | 1.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 2,821 | 1.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 2,812 | 1.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 2,745 | 30.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 1,889 | 21.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Hungary | 1,540 | 77.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Czechia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia (own refineries) | 1,364 | 0.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Poland | 702 | 7.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria | 603 | 6.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 337 | 16.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 239 | 2.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Poland | 170 | 1.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Russia | Germany | 153 | 0.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Poland | 141 | 1.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 129 | 1.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 62 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Czechia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 62 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Czechia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2023-09 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2023-09 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Czechia’s supply of road diesel in 2023-09, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2023-09 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-07 to 2023-09.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (6,523 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Germany: crude not from imports (5,495 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (746 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.