Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In February 2026, Czechia's road diesel supply was 436 kt: 47% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (41%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (22%), Azerbaijan (18%) and Kazakhstan (13%), and 4% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway98 kt (est. 22%)Azerbaijan80 kt (est. 18%)Kazakhstan59 kt (est. 13%)Saudi Arabia45 kt (est. 10%)United States30 kt (est. 7%)Libya29 kt (est. 7%)United Kingdom22 kt (est. 5%)Other crude origins56 kt (est. 13%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports6.3 kt (1%)Germany: crude origin not reported6.2 kt (1%)Germany: crude not from imports5.4 kt (1%)Czechia (own refineries)204 kt (47%)Germany180 kt (41%)Austria18 kt (4%)Poland18 kt (4%)Slovakia14 kt (3%)Hungary2.0 kt (<1%)Czechia: road diesel supply436 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Norway98 kt (est. 22%)
- Azerbaijan80 kt (est. 18%)
- Kazakhstan59 kt (est. 13%)
- Saudi Arabia45 kt (est. 10%)
- United States30 kt (est. 7%)
- Libya29 kt (est. 7%)
- United Kingdom22 kt (est. 5%)
- Other crude origins56 kt (est. 13%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports6.3 kt (1%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported6.2 kt (1%)
- Germany: crude not from imports5.4 kt (1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Feb 2026)
79.9 thousand tonnes
est. 18% of Czechia's road diesel supply
less than 0.1 kt reported80 kt estimated
Inferred · medium
Last shipped from
- Czechia (own refineries)76 kt (est. 95%)
- Germany3.7 kt (est. 5%)
- Austria0.4 kt (est. <1%)
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia (own refineries) | Czechia: road diesel supply | 204,000 | 46.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Czechia: road diesel supply | 180,000 | 41.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Czechia: road diesel supply | 18,000 | 4.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Poland | Czechia: road diesel supply | 18,000 | 4.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Czechia: road diesel supply | 14,000 | 3.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Czechia: road diesel supply | 2,000 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azerbaijan | Czechia (own refineries) | 75,870 | 37.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia (own refineries) | 64,411 | 31.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 36,272 | 20.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia (own refineries) | 34,873 | 17.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 28,929 | 16.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 27,282 | 15.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 26,836 | 14.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia (own refineries) | 25,290 | 12.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 24,834 | 13.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 19,919 | 11.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 10,014 | 71.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Poland | 8,087 | 44.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 6,589 | 36.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 6,177 | 3.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Norway | Poland | 5,931 | 32.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude not from imports | Germany | 5,360 | 3.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 4,090 | 22.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 3,699 | 2.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia (own refineries) | 3,556 | 1.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 3,443 | 19.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 2,279 | 16.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Poland | 1,603 | 8.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United Kingdom | Austria | 1,582 | 8.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Poland | 1,371 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 1,247 | 6.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 1,129 | 56.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 871 | 43.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Czechia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Slovakia | 855 | 6.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 852 | 6.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Austria | 696 | 3.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 692 | 0.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Poland | 508 | 2.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Poland | 500 | 2.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 352 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-02 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-02 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Czechia’s supply of road diesel in 2026-02, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-02 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-12 to 2026-02.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (6,258 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (6,177 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Germany: crude not from imports (5,360 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.