Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In December 2023, Czechia's road diesel supply was 486 kt: 55% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (32%) and Slovakia (10%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (32%), Azerbaijan (17%) and Kazakhstan (15%), and 7% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia153 kt (est. 32%)Azerbaijan82 kt (est. 17%)Kazakhstan72 kt (est. 15%)United States37 kt (est. 8%)Norway34 kt (est. 7%)Libya21 kt (est. 4%)Iraq15 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins40 kt (est. 8%)Czechia: crude origin not reported16 kt (3%)Germany: crude origin not reported9.6 kt (2%)Czechia: crude not from imports6.5 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.0 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.9 kt (<1%)Czechia (own refineries)265 kt (55%)Germany155 kt (32%)Slovakia47 kt (10%)Austria10 kt (2%)Poland7.0 kt (1%)Belgium2.0 kt (<1%)Czechia: road diesel supply486 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Russia153 kt (est. 32%)
- Azerbaijan82 kt (est. 17%)
- Kazakhstan72 kt (est. 15%)
- United States37 kt (est. 8%)
- Norway34 kt (est. 7%)
- Libya21 kt (est. 4%)
- Iraq15 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins40 kt (est. 8%)
- Czechia: crude origin not reported16 kt (3%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported9.6 kt (2%)
- Czechia: crude not from imports6.5 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.0 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.9 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Road diesel supplied (Dec 2023)
2.0 thousand tonnes
<1% of Czechia's road diesel supply
Official
Crude behind it (estimate)
- Other crude origins0.9 kt (est. 45%)
- United States0.4 kt (est. 18%)
- Norway0.2 kt (est. 12%)
and 4 more in the table above
Source: Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis); Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia (own refineries) | Czechia: road diesel supply | 265,000 | 54.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Czechia: road diesel supply | 155,000 | 31.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Czechia: road diesel supply | 47,000 | 9.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Czechia: road diesel supply | 10,000 | 2.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Poland | Czechia: road diesel supply | 7,000 | 1.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Czechia: road diesel supply | 2,000 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Czechia (own refineries) | 108,081 | 40.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia (own refineries) | 76,581 | 28.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia (own refineries) | 50,573 | 19.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 45,088 | 95.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 36,136 | 23.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 32,340 | 20.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 30,701 | 19.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 18,690 | 12.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 16,532 | 10.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Czechia: crude origin not reported | Czechia (own refineries) | 15,894 | 6.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 9,586 | 6.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Iraq | Czechia (own refineries) | 7,369 | 2.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Czechia: crude not from imports | Czechia (own refineries) | 6,502 | 2.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Iraq | Germany | 6,356 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 4,660 | 3.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 4,371 | 43.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Poland | 3,609 | 51.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Poland | 2,775 | 39.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 2,024 | 20.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 1,912 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Austria | 968 | 9.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 896 | 44.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Czechia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 826 | 8.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria | 676 | 6.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 644 | 6.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 490 | 4.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 361 | 18.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Czechia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Poland | 285 | 4.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Belgium | 250 | 12.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Czechia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Poland | 228 | 3.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 183 | 9.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Czechia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 178 | 8.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Iraq | Belgium | 127 | 6.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Czechia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Poland | 103 | 1.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Belgium | 5 | 0.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
Source Period 2023-12 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2023-12 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Czechia’s supply of road diesel in 2023-12, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2023-12 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-10 to 2023-12.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Czechia: crude origin not reported (15,894 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (9,586 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Czechia: crude not from imports (6,502 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (957 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (934 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.