Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In January 2024, Czechia's road diesel supply was 498 kt: 51% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (32%) and Slovakia (14%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (35%), Azerbaijan (16%) and Kazakhstan (16%), and 6% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia175 kt (est. 35%)Azerbaijan82 kt (est. 16%)Kazakhstan78 kt (est. 16%)United States37 kt (est. 7%)Norway33 kt (est. 7%)Libya19 kt (est. 4%)United Kingdom11 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins33 kt (est. 7%)Czechia: crude not from imports11 kt (2%)Germany: crude origin not reported9.8 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports8.1 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.7 kt (<1%)Czechia (own refineries)253 kt (51%)Germany160 kt (32%)Slovakia71 kt (14%)Austria14 kt (3%)Czechia: road diesel supply498 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Czechia (own refineries)
- Germany
- Slovakia
- Austria
- Russia175 kt (est. 35%)
- Azerbaijan82 kt (est. 16%)
- Kazakhstan78 kt (est. 16%)
- United States37 kt (est. 7%)
- Norway33 kt (est. 7%)
- Libya19 kt (est. 4%)
- United Kingdom11 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins33 kt (est. 7%)
- Czechia: crude not from imports11 kt (2%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported9.8 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports8.1 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.7 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Jan 2024)
32.7 thousand tonnes
est. 7% of Czechia's road diesel supply
less than 0.1 kt reported33 kt estimated
Inferred · medium
Last shipped from
- Germany30 kt (est. 93%)
- Austria2.3 kt (est. 7%)
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia (own refineries) | Czechia: road diesel supply | 253,000 | 50.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Czechia: road diesel supply | 160,000 | 32.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Czechia: road diesel supply | 71,000 | 14.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Czechia: road diesel supply | 14,000 | 2.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Czechia (own refineries) | 110,164 | 43.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia (own refineries) | 76,794 | 30.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 65,315 | 92.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia (own refineries) | 55,152 | 21.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 36,822 | 23.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 32,613 | 20.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 30,463 | 19.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 17,017 | 10.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 16,654 | 10.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Czechia: crude not from imports | Czechia (own refineries) | 10,891 | 4.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 9,778 | 6.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 8,868 | 5.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 6,183 | 44.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 4,315 | 2.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 3,962 | 5.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 3,470 | 2.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Libya | Austria | 2,456 | 17.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 2,265 | 16.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia | 1,724 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria | 1,655 | 11.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 638 | 4.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 392 | 2.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Austria | 331 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Austria | 79 | 0.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-01 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-01 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Czechia’s supply of road diesel in 2024-01, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-01 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-11 to 2024-01.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Czechia: crude not from imports (10,891 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (9,778 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (8,070 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (1,655 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.