Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In February 2024, Czechia's road diesel supply was 466 kt: 56% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (33%) and Slovakia (9%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (33%), Azerbaijan (20%) and Kazakhstan (16%), and 4% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia154 kt (est. 33%)Azerbaijan94 kt (est. 20%)Kazakhstan76 kt (est. 16%)United States34 kt (est. 7%)Norway32 kt (est. 7%)Libya14 kt (est. 3%)United Kingdom13 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins29 kt (est. 6%)Germany: crude origin not reported11 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports7.1 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.4 kt (<1%)Czechia (own refineries)262 kt (56%)Germany152 kt (33%)Slovakia40 kt (9%)Austria12 kt (3%)Czechia: road diesel supply466 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Czechia (own refineries)
- Germany
- Slovakia
- Austria
- Russia154 kt (est. 33%)
- Azerbaijan94 kt (est. 20%)
- Kazakhstan76 kt (est. 16%)
- United States34 kt (est. 7%)
- Norway32 kt (est. 7%)
- Libya14 kt (est. 3%)
- United Kingdom13 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins29 kt (est. 6%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported11 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports7.1 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.4 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Feb 2024)
28.6 thousand tonnes
est. 6% of Czechia's road diesel supply
less than 0.1 kt reported29 kt estimated
Inferred · medium
Last shipped from
- Germany27 kt (est. 96%)
- Austria1.2 kt (est. 4%)
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia (own refineries) | Czechia: road diesel supply | 262,000 | 56.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Czechia: road diesel supply | 152,000 | 32.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Czechia: road diesel supply | 40,000 | 8.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Czechia: road diesel supply | 12,000 | 2.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Czechia (own refineries) | 116,429 | 44.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia (own refineries) | 90,509 | 34.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia (own refineries) | 51,980 | 19.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 37,397 | 93.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 34,104 | 22.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 32,124 | 21.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 27,389 | 18.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 18,690 | 12.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 12,438 | 8.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 11,108 | 7.3% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 9,986 | 6.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 5,682 | 47.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 3,309 | 2.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia (own refineries) | 3,082 | 1.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 2,852 | 1.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia | 2,603 | 6.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 2,059 | 17.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria | 1,444 | 12.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 1,193 | 9.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 686 | 5.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 496 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Austria | 289 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Austria | 150 | 1.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-02 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-02 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Czechia’s supply of road diesel in 2024-02, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-02 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-12 to 2024-02.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Germany: crude origin not reported (11,108 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (7,077 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (1,444 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.