Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In September 2025, Czechia's road diesel supply was 596 kt: 43% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (42%) and Slovakia (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (21%), Azerbaijan (19%) and Kazakhstan (16%), and 5% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway123 kt (est. 21%)Azerbaijan116 kt (est. 19%)Kazakhstan96 kt (est. 16%)Libya44 kt (est. 7%)Saudi Arabia37 kt (est. 6%)Russia35 kt (est. 6%)United States34 kt (est. 6%)Other crude origins83 kt (est. 14%)Germany: crude origin not reported19 kt (3%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports8.3 kt (1%)Smaller flows: no refinery1.0 kt (<1%)Czechia (own refineries)255 kt (43%)Germany252 kt (42%)Slovakia38 kt (6%)Poland24 kt (4%)Austria20 kt (3%)Hungary6.0 kt (1%)Estonia1.0 kt (<1%)Czechia: road diesel supply596 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Norway123 kt (est. 21%)
- Azerbaijan116 kt (est. 19%)
- Kazakhstan96 kt (est. 16%)
- Libya44 kt (est. 7%)
- Saudi Arabia37 kt (est. 6%)
- Russia35 kt (est. 6%)
- United States34 kt (est. 6%)
- Other crude origins83 kt (est. 14%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported19 kt (3%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports8.3 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: no refinery1.0 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Road diesel supplied (Sep 2025)
6.0 thousand tonnes
1% of Czechia's road diesel supply
Official
Crude behind it (estimate)
- Russia4.3 kt (est. 72%)
- Kazakhstan0.9 kt (est. 15%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.8 kt (14%)
Source: Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis); Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia (own refineries) | Czechia: road diesel supply | 255,000 | 42.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Czechia: road diesel supply | 252,000 | 42.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Czechia: road diesel supply | 38,000 | 6.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Poland | Czechia: road diesel supply | 24,000 | 4.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Czechia: road diesel supply | 20,000 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Czechia: road diesel supply | 6,000 | 1.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Estonia | Czechia: road diesel supply | 1,000 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azerbaijan | Czechia (own refineries) | 108,128 | 42.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia (own refineries) | 82,201 | 32.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 73,005 | 29.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia (own refineries) | 49,350 | 19.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 42,458 | 16.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 35,465 | 14.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 33,492 | 13.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 32,945 | 13.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 30,689 | 80.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 18,727 | 7.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia (own refineries) | 15,321 | 6.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Poland | 11,956 | 49.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 10,595 | 53.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Poland | 8,310 | 34.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 5,936 | 2.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 5,413 | 2.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 4,559 | 1.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Hungary | 4,290 | 71.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Czechia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Poland | 3,734 | 15.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 3,594 | 9.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 2,971 | 14.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Slovakia | 2,789 | 7.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 2,763 | 13.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 1,633 | 8.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 1,521 | 7.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: no refinery | Estonia | 1,000 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 927 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 892 | 14.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Czechia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 818 | 13.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 362 | 1.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Austria | 155 | 0.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-09 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-09 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Czechia’s supply of road diesel in 2025-09, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2025-09 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-07 to 2025-09.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Germany: crude origin not reported (18,727 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (8,275 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: no refinery (1,000 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.