Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In July 2025, Czechia's road diesel supply was 472 kt: 38% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (47%) and Slovakia (8%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (20%), Azerbaijan (18%) and Kazakhstan (14%), and 4% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway93 kt (est. 20%)Azerbaijan84 kt (est. 18%)Kazakhstan64 kt (est. 14%)Libya41 kt (est. 9%)Saudi Arabia40 kt (est. 8%)Russia38 kt (est. 8%)United States27 kt (est. 6%)Other crude origins68 kt (est. 14%)Germany: crude origin not reported14 kt (3%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.7 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.4 kt (<1%)Czechia (own refineries)181 kt (38%)Germany222 kt (47%)Slovakia37 kt (8%)Austria16 kt (3%)Hungary8.0 kt (2%)Poland8.0 kt (2%)Czechia: road diesel supply472 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Norway93 kt (est. 20%)
- Azerbaijan84 kt (est. 18%)
- Kazakhstan64 kt (est. 14%)
- Libya41 kt (est. 9%)
- Saudi Arabia40 kt (est. 8%)
- Russia38 kt (est. 8%)
- United States27 kt (est. 6%)
- Other crude origins68 kt (est. 14%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported14 kt (3%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.7 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.4 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Jul 2025)
41.3 thousand tonnes
est. 9% of Czechia's road diesel supply
less than 0.1 kt reported41 kt estimated
Inferred · medium
Last shipped from
- Germany40 kt (est. 96%)
- Austria1.7 kt (est. 4%)
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Germany | Czechia: road diesel supply | 222,000 | 47.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Czechia (own refineries) | Czechia: road diesel supply | 181,000 | 38.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Slovakia | Czechia: road diesel supply | 37,000 | 7.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Czechia: road diesel supply | 16,000 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Czechia: road diesel supply | 8,000 | 1.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Poland | Czechia: road diesel supply | 8,000 | 1.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azerbaijan | Czechia (own refineries) | 77,625 | 42.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 63,848 | 28.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia (own refineries) | 53,762 | 29.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 39,526 | 17.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 36,415 | 16.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 31,925 | 86.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 30,989 | 14.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 26,429 | 11.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia (own refineries) | 25,089 | 13.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia (own refineries) | 24,523 | 13.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 14,421 | 6.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 8,099 | 50.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Hungary | 6,496 | 81.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Czechia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 5,478 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 4,893 | 2.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 3,600 | 9.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Poland | 3,123 | 39.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 2,994 | 18.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Poland | 2,602 | 32.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 1,746 | 10.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Poland | 1,604 | 20.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 1,446 | 3.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 1,211 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 879 | 5.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 717 | 9.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 686 | 4.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 653 | 8.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Czechia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Poland | 294 | 3.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria | 265 | 1.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United States | Poland | 226 | 2.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Poland | 151 | 1.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 134 | 1.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Czechia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Austria | 120 | 0.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-07 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-07 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Czechia’s supply of road diesel in 2025-07, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-07 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-05 to 2025-07.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Germany: crude origin not reported (14,421 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (1,726 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (416 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.