Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2025, Czechia's road diesel supply was 505 kt: 55% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (40%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Azerbaijan (21%), Kazakhstan (19%) and Norway (16%), and 10% cannot be traced.
Country
Azerbaijan108 kt (est. 21%)Kazakhstan95 kt (est. 19%)Norway81 kt (est. 16%)Saudi Arabia49 kt (est. 10%)Libya33 kt (est. 6%)United States27 kt (est. 5%)United Kingdom20 kt (est. 4%)Other crude origins44 kt (est. 9%)Czechia: crude not from imports24 kt (5%)Germany: crude origin not reported19 kt (4%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports4.8 kt (<1%)Czechia (own refineries)277 kt (55%)Germany201 kt (40%)Austria19 kt (4%)Slovakia4.0 kt (<1%)Hungary2.0 kt (<1%)Poland2.0 kt (<1%)Czechia: road diesel supply505 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Azerbaijan108 kt (est. 21%)
- Kazakhstan95 kt (est. 19%)
- Norway81 kt (est. 16%)
- Saudi Arabia49 kt (est. 10%)
- Libya33 kt (est. 6%)
- United States27 kt (est. 5%)
- United Kingdom20 kt (est. 4%)
- Other crude origins44 kt (est. 9%)
- Czechia: crude not from imports24 kt (5%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported19 kt (4%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports4.8 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Nov 2025)
32.6 thousand tonnes
est. 6% of Czechia's road diesel supply
less than 0.1 kt reported33 kt estimated
Inferred · medium
Last shipped from
- Germany30 kt (est. 92%)
- Austria2.7 kt (est. 8%)
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia (own refineries) | Czechia: road diesel supply | 277,000 | 54.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Czechia: road diesel supply | 201,000 | 39.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Czechia: road diesel supply | 19,000 | 3.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Czechia: road diesel supply | 4,000 | 0.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Czechia: road diesel supply | 2,000 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Poland | Czechia: road diesel supply | 2,000 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azerbaijan | Czechia (own refineries) | 103,545 | 37.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia (own refineries) | 55,734 | 20.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia (own refineries) | 49,062 | 17.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia (own refineries) | 44,198 | 16.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 36,597 | 18.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 31,018 | 15.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 29,876 | 14.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 29,015 | 14.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 26,786 | 13.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Czechia: crude not from imports | Czechia (own refineries) | 24,462 | 8.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 20,182 | 10.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 19,475 | 9.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 10,503 | 55.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 3,303 | 1.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 3,265 | 81.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 3,176 | 1.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 2,736 | 14.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 2,678 | 14.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 1,625 | 8.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 1,572 | 0.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 1,419 | 71.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Czechia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 1,096 | 5.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Poland | 1,062 | 53.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Poland | 759 | 38.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 498 | 24.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 402 | 10.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 363 | 1.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Slovakia | 333 | 8.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Poland | 152 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 83 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Czechia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Poland | 27 | 1.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-11 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Czechia’s supply of road diesel in 2025-11, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-11 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-09 to 2025-11.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Czechia: crude not from imports (24,462 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (19,475 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (4,770 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.