Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2024, Czechia's road diesel supply was 511 kt: 51% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (33%) and Slovakia (12%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (34%), Azerbaijan (20%) and Kazakhstan (14%), and 7% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia172 kt (est. 34%)Azerbaijan101 kt (est. 20%)Kazakhstan69 kt (est. 14%)Norway36 kt (est. 7%)United States29 kt (est. 6%)United Kingdom16 kt (est. 3%)Libya11 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins42 kt (est. 8%)Czechia: crude not from imports14 kt (3%)Germany: crude origin not reported9.2 kt (2%)Germany: crude not from imports7.8 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.7 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.6 kt (<1%)Czechia (own refineries)260 kt (51%)Germany170 kt (33%)Slovakia59 kt (12%)Austria14 kt (3%)Hungary5.0 kt (<1%)Poland3.0 kt (<1%)Czechia: road diesel supply511 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Russia172 kt (est. 34%)
- Azerbaijan101 kt (est. 20%)
- Kazakhstan69 kt (est. 14%)
- Norway36 kt (est. 7%)
- United States29 kt (est. 6%)
- United Kingdom16 kt (est. 3%)
- Libya11 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins42 kt (est. 8%)
- Czechia: crude not from imports14 kt (3%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported9.2 kt (2%)
- Germany: crude not from imports7.8 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.7 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.6 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Nov 2024)
36.3 thousand tonnes
est. 7% of Czechia's road diesel supply
less than 0.1 kt reported36 kt estimated
Inferred · medium
Last shipped from
- Germany36 kt (est. 98%)
- Poland0.6 kt (est. 2%)
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia (own refineries) | Czechia: road diesel supply | 260,000 | 50.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Czechia: road diesel supply | 170,000 | 33.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Czechia: road diesel supply | 59,000 | 11.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Czechia: road diesel supply | 14,000 | 2.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Czechia: road diesel supply | 5,000 | 1.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Poland | Czechia: road diesel supply | 3,000 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Czechia (own refineries) | 118,047 | 45.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia (own refineries) | 89,548 | 34.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 50,411 | 85.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia (own refineries) | 38,088 | 14.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 35,737 | 21.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 34,332 | 20.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 28,788 | 16.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 23,378 | 13.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 15,742 | 9.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Czechia: crude not from imports | Czechia (own refineries) | 14,317 | 5.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Libya | Germany | 10,641 | 6.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 9,237 | 5.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Germany: crude not from imports | Germany | 7,788 | 4.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 7,575 | 54.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Slovakia | 6,383 | 10.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 4,358 | 2.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Hungary | 4,010 | 80.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Czechia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 3,449 | 24.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 2,206 | 3.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Poland | 1,775 | 59.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 1,058 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 900 | 18.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 822 | 5.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Libya | Austria | 688 | 4.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Poland | 576 | 19.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Poland | 422 | 14.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United States | Austria | 222 | 1.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Poland | 215 | 7.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria | 186 | 1.3% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 89 | 1.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Czechia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Poland | 12 | 0.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-11 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Czechia’s supply of road diesel in 2024-11, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-11 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-09 to 2024-11.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Czechia: crude not from imports (14,317 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (9,237 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Germany: crude not from imports (7,788 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (1,735 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (608 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.