Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In August 2023, Czechia's road diesel supply was 511 kt: 55% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (29%) and Slovakia (11%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (42%), Azerbaijan (12%) and the United States (10%), and 4% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia216 kt (est. 42%)Azerbaijan64 kt (est. 12%)United States50 kt (est. 10%)Kazakhstan39 kt (est. 8%)Norway31 kt (est. 6%)Libya19 kt (est. 4%)Saudi Arabia13 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins57 kt (est. 11%)Czechia: crude not from imports10 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported5.9 kt (1%)Germany: crude not from imports5.4 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.9 kt (<1%)Czechia (own refineries)282 kt (55%)Germany148 kt (29%)Slovakia58 kt (11%)Austria10 kt (2%)Poland9.0 kt (2%)Belgium4.0 kt (<1%)Czechia: road diesel supply511 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Russia216 kt (est. 42%)
- Azerbaijan64 kt (est. 12%)
- United States50 kt (est. 10%)
- Kazakhstan39 kt (est. 8%)
- Norway31 kt (est. 6%)
- Libya19 kt (est. 4%)
- Saudi Arabia13 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins57 kt (est. 11%)
- Czechia: crude not from imports10 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported5.9 kt (1%)
- Germany: crude not from imports5.4 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.9 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Road diesel supplied (Aug 2023)
282.0 thousand tonnes
55% of Czechia's road diesel supply
Official
Crude behind it (estimate)
- Russia168 kt (est. 60%)
- Azerbaijan61 kt (est. 22%)
- United States25 kt (est. 9%)
and 2 more in the table above
Source: Eurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output); Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia (own refineries) | Czechia: road diesel supply | 282,000 | 55.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Czechia: road diesel supply | 148,000 | 29.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Czechia: road diesel supply | 58,000 | 11.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Czechia: road diesel supply | 10,000 | 2.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Poland | Czechia: road diesel supply | 9,000 | 1.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Czechia: road diesel supply | 4,000 | 0.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Czechia (own refineries) | 168,448 | 59.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia (own refineries) | 61,304 | 21.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 47,346 | 81.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 42,055 | 28.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Czechia (own refineries) | 25,218 | 8.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 25,158 | 17.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 23,514 | 15.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 18,649 | 12.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 17,246 | 11.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia (own refineries) | 16,580 | 5.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 10,654 | 18.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Czechia: crude not from imports | Czechia (own refineries) | 10,450 | 3.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 8,476 | 5.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude not from imports | Germany | 5,386 | 3.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 4,655 | 3.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Norway | Poland | 4,584 | 50.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Poland | 3,287 | 36.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 3,011 | 30.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 2,180 | 1.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 2,111 | 21.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 1,831 | 45.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Czechia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 1,809 | 18.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 1,295 | 13.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria | 1,015 | 10.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Norway | Belgium | 864 | 21.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Czechia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Poland | 766 | 8.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Germany | 681 | 0.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 536 | 5.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 488 | 12.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Czechia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 464 | 11.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Czechia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Poland | 345 | 3.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 268 | 6.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 223 | 2.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Belgium | 70 | 1.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Czechia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Poland | 18 | 0.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Belgium | 13 | 0.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Czechia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2023-08 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2023-08 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Czechia’s supply of road diesel in 2023-08, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2023-08 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-06 to 2023-08.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Czechia: crude not from imports (10,450 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (5,938 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Germany: crude not from imports (5,386 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (884 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.