Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In March 2025, Czechia's road diesel supply was 489 kt: 45% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (40%) and Slovakia (10%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (24%), Azerbaijan (19%) and Kazakhstan (14%), and 12% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia118 kt (est. 24%)Azerbaijan94 kt (est. 19%)Kazakhstan67 kt (est. 14%)Norway40 kt (est. 8%)United States33 kt (est. 7%)Libya24 kt (est. 5%)United Kingdom21 kt (est. 4%)Other crude origins33 kt (est. 7%)Czechia: crude not from imports30 kt (6%)Germany: crude origin not reported21 kt (4%)Germany: crude not from imports6.3 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.8 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.1 kt (<1%)Czechia (own refineries)222 kt (45%)Germany196 kt (40%)Slovakia51 kt (10%)Austria20 kt (4%)Czechia: road diesel supply489 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Czechia (own refineries)
- Germany
- Slovakia
- Austria
- Russia118 kt (est. 24%)
- Azerbaijan94 kt (est. 19%)
- Kazakhstan67 kt (est. 14%)
- Norway40 kt (est. 8%)
- United States33 kt (est. 7%)
- Libya24 kt (est. 5%)
- United Kingdom21 kt (est. 4%)
- Other crude origins33 kt (est. 7%)
- Czechia: crude not from imports30 kt (6%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported21 kt (4%)
- Germany: crude not from imports6.3 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.8 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Road diesel supplied (Mar 2025)
222.0 thousand tonnes
45% of Czechia's road diesel supply
Official
Crude behind it (estimate)
- Azerbaijan88 kt (est. 40%)
- Russia70 kt (est. 32%)
- Kazakhstan34 kt (est. 15%)
and 1 more in the table above
Source: Eurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output); Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia (own refineries) | Czechia: road diesel supply | 222,000 | 45.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Czechia: road diesel supply | 196,000 | 40.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Czechia: road diesel supply | 51,000 | 10.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Czechia: road diesel supply | 20,000 | 4.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azerbaijan | Czechia (own refineries) | 88,048 | 39.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Czechia (own refineries) | 70,063 | 31.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 48,226 | 94.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 40,269 | 20.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia (own refineries) | 34,360 | 15.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 32,200 | 16.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Czechia: crude not from imports | Czechia (own refineries) | 29,528 | 13.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 28,774 | 14.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 21,482 | 11.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 20,591 | 10.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 20,590 | 10.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 20,255 | 10.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 10,976 | 54.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude not from imports | Germany | 6,251 | 3.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 5,587 | 2.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 3,849 | 19.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 2,774 | 5.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria | 1,786 | 8.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 1,553 | 7.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 1,119 | 5.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Austria | 361 | 1.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 356 | 1.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-03 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-03 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Czechia’s supply of road diesel in 2025-03, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-03 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-01 to 2025-03.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Czechia: crude not from imports (29,528 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (20,591 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Germany: crude not from imports (6,251 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (1,786 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (1,119 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.