Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In August 2025, Czechia's road diesel supply was 499 kt: 45% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (42%) and Slovakia (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (24%), Azerbaijan (19%) and Kazakhstan (14%), and 4% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway118 kt (est. 24%)Azerbaijan96 kt (est. 19%)Kazakhstan71 kt (est. 14%)Saudi Arabia42 kt (est. 8%)Libya38 kt (est. 8%)United States27 kt (est. 5%)United Kingdom23 kt (est. 5%)Other crude origins67 kt (est. 13%)Germany: crude origin not reported12 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports3.4 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: no refinery2.0 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.3 kt (<1%)Czechia (own refineries)223 kt (45%)Germany208 kt (42%)Slovakia29 kt (6%)Poland21 kt (4%)Austria16 kt (3%)Estonia2.0 kt (<1%)Czechia: road diesel supply499 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Norway118 kt (est. 24%)
- Azerbaijan96 kt (est. 19%)
- Kazakhstan71 kt (est. 14%)
- Saudi Arabia42 kt (est. 8%)
- Libya38 kt (est. 8%)
- United States27 kt (est. 5%)
- United Kingdom23 kt (est. 5%)
- Other crude origins67 kt (est. 13%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported12 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports3.4 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: no refinery2.0 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.3 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Road diesel supplied (Aug 2025)
223.0 thousand tonnes
45% of Czechia's road diesel supply
Official
Crude behind it (estimate)
- Azerbaijan89 kt (est. 40%)
- Norway76 kt (est. 34%)
- Kazakhstan34 kt (est. 15%)
and 1 more in the table above
Source: Eurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output); Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia (own refineries) | Czechia: road diesel supply | 223,000 | 44.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Czechia: road diesel supply | 208,000 | 41.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Czechia: road diesel supply | 29,000 | 5.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Poland | Czechia: road diesel supply | 21,000 | 4.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Czechia: road diesel supply | 16,000 | 3.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Estonia | Czechia: road diesel supply | 2,000 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azerbaijan | Czechia (own refineries) | 88,528 | 39.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia (own refineries) | 76,076 | 34.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 38,270 | 18.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 36,292 | 17.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 34,977 | 16.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia (own refineries) | 34,241 | 15.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 28,242 | 13.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 26,323 | 12.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia (own refineries) | 24,155 | 10.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 23,742 | 81.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 22,062 | 10.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 12,141 | 5.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 8,615 | 53.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Poland | 8,583 | 40.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Poland | 6,751 | 32.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 5,521 | 2.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 4,172 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Poland | 3,454 | 16.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 3,130 | 19.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 2,058 | 7.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 2,009 | 6.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no refinery | Estonia | 2,000 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 1,670 | 10.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 1,266 | 7.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Slovakia | 1,191 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Poland | 869 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Poland | 767 | 3.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 619 | 3.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Poland | 576 | 2.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 316 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria | 265 | 1.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United States | Austria | 120 | 0.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-08 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-08 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Czechia’s supply of road diesel in 2025-08, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2025-08 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-06 to 2025-08.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Germany: crude origin not reported (12,141 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (3,443 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: no refinery (2,000 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (265 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.