Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In July 2026, Czechia's jet fuel supply was 48 kt: 56% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (38%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Kazakhstan (20%), Azerbaijan (20%) and Saudi Arabia (14%), and 3% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan9.8 kt (est. 20%)Azerbaijan9.4 kt (est. 20%)Saudi Arabia6.9 kt (est. 14%)United States6.7 kt (est. 14%)Norway5.9 kt (est. 12%)Libya2.2 kt (est. 5%)United Kingdom1.5 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins4.4 kt (est. 9%)Czechia: crude not from imports1.0 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)Czechia (own refineries)27 kt (56%)Germany18 kt (38%)Austria2.0 kt (4%)Slovakia1.0 kt (2%)Czechia: jet fuel supply48 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Czechia (own refineries)
- Germany
- Austria
- Slovakia
- Kazakhstan9.8 kt (est. 20%)
- Azerbaijan9.4 kt (est. 20%)
- Saudi Arabia6.9 kt (est. 14%)
- United States6.7 kt (est. 14%)
- Norway5.9 kt (est. 12%)
- Libya2.2 kt (est. 5%)
- United Kingdom1.5 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins4.4 kt (est. 9%)
- Czechia: crude not from imports1.0 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Jet fuel supplied (Jul 2026)
1.0 thousand tonnes
2% of Czechia's jet fuel supply
Official
Crude behind it (estimate)
- Other crude origins0.8 kt (est. 84%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (9%)
- Libya0.1 kt (est. 7%)
Source: Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis); Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia (own refineries) | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 27,000 | 56.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 18,000 | 37.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 2,000 | 4.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 1,000 | 2.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azerbaijan | Czechia (own refineries) | 8,682 | 32.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia (own refineries) | 6,801 | 25.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia (own refineries) | 5,788 | 21.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 4,990 | 27.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 3,137 | 17.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia (own refineries) | 3,111 | 11.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 2,856 | 15.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 2,761 | 15.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 1,908 | 10.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 1,522 | 8.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Czechia (own refineries) | 1,360 | 5.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 1,110 | 55.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Czechia: crude not from imports | Czechia (own refineries) | 984 | 3.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 839 | 83.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 723 | 4.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Austria | 364 | 18.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia (own refineries) | 275 | 1.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 214 | 10.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 140 | 7.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 135 | 6.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 95 | 0.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Slovakia | 86 | 8.6% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Libya | Slovakia | 75 | 7.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 37 | 1.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-07. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2026-07 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-07 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Czechia’s supply of jet fuel in 2026-07, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-07 (latest month that can be drawn, the month its country page shows). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-05 to 2026-07.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Czechia: crude not from imports (984 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (140 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (94 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.