Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In January 2025, Czechia's road diesel supply was 499 kt: 47% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (37%) and Slovakia (13%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (33%), Azerbaijan (21%) and Kazakhstan (12%), and 6% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia164 kt (est. 33%)Azerbaijan105 kt (est. 21%)Kazakhstan60 kt (est. 12%)Norway32 kt (est. 6%)United States29 kt (est. 6%)Libya23 kt (est. 5%)United Kingdom18 kt (est. 4%)Other crude origins35 kt (est. 7%)Germany: crude origin not reported16 kt (3%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports7.7 kt (2%)Germany: crude not from imports6.3 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.2 kt (<1%)Czechia (own refineries)235 kt (47%)Germany184 kt (37%)Slovakia67 kt (13%)Austria13 kt (3%)Czechia: road diesel supply499 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Czechia (own refineries)
- Germany
- Slovakia
- Austria
- Russia164 kt (est. 33%)
- Azerbaijan105 kt (est. 21%)
- Kazakhstan60 kt (est. 12%)
- Norway32 kt (est. 6%)
- United States29 kt (est. 6%)
- Libya23 kt (est. 5%)
- United Kingdom18 kt (est. 4%)
- Other crude origins35 kt (est. 7%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported16 kt (3%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports7.7 kt (2%)
- Germany: crude not from imports6.3 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.2 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Jan 2025)
7.7 thousand tonnes
2% of Czechia's road diesel supply
Unknown
Last shipped from
- Slovakia3.7 kt (49%)
- Czechia (own refineries)3.2 kt (41%)
- Austria0.8 kt (10%)
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia (own refineries) | Czechia: road diesel supply | 235,000 | 47.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Czechia: road diesel supply | 184,000 | 36.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Czechia: road diesel supply | 67,000 | 13.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Czechia: road diesel supply | 13,000 | 2.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Czechia (own refineries) | 108,384 | 46.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia (own refineries) | 93,316 | 39.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 55,921 | 83.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 32,386 | 17.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 31,217 | 17.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia (own refineries) | 30,135 | 12.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 29,498 | 16.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 23,269 | 12.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 20,812 | 11.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 17,543 | 9.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 15,970 | 8.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 7,089 | 54.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 7,055 | 3.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude not from imports | Germany | 6,250 | 3.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Slovakia | 4,588 | 6.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 3,736 | 5.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia (own refineries) | 3,165 | 1.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 2,755 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 2,060 | 15.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 1,498 | 11.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria | 1,167 | 9.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 756 | 5.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 430 | 3.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-01 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-01 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Czechia’s supply of road diesel in 2025-01, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-01 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-11 to 2025-01.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Germany: crude origin not reported (15,970 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (7,658 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Germany: crude not from imports (6,250 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (1,167 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.