Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In October 2025, Czechia's road diesel supply was 528 kt: 53% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (36%) and Slovakia (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Azerbaijan (20%), Kazakhstan (18%) and Norway (17%), and 12% cannot be traced.
Country
Azerbaijan107 kt (est. 20%)Kazakhstan94 kt (est. 18%)Norway89 kt (est. 17%)Saudi Arabia33 kt (est. 6%)Libya29 kt (est. 6%)United States26 kt (est. 5%)Russia20 kt (est. 4%)Other crude origins68 kt (est. 13%)Czechia: crude not from imports39 kt (7%)Germany: crude origin not reported16 kt (3%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports5.3 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: no refinery2.0 kt (<1%)Czechia (own refineries)282 kt (53%)Germany192 kt (36%)Slovakia30 kt (6%)Austria19 kt (4%)Poland3.0 kt (<1%)Estonia2.0 kt (<1%)Czechia: road diesel supply528 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Azerbaijan107 kt (est. 20%)
- Kazakhstan94 kt (est. 18%)
- Norway89 kt (est. 17%)
- Saudi Arabia33 kt (est. 6%)
- Libya29 kt (est. 6%)
- United States26 kt (est. 5%)
- Russia20 kt (est. 4%)
- Other crude origins68 kt (est. 13%)
- Czechia: crude not from imports39 kt (7%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported16 kt (3%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports5.3 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: no refinery2.0 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Oct 2025)
5.3 thousand tonnes
<1% of Czechia's road diesel supply
Unknown
Last shipped from
- Germany4.4 kt (84%)
- Austria0.8 kt (16%)
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia (own refineries) | Czechia: road diesel supply | 282,000 | 53.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Czechia: road diesel supply | 192,000 | 36.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Czechia: road diesel supply | 30,000 | 5.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Czechia: road diesel supply | 19,000 | 3.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Poland | Czechia: road diesel supply | 3,000 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Estonia | Czechia: road diesel supply | 2,000 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azerbaijan | Czechia (own refineries) | 98,400 | 34.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia (own refineries) | 61,650 | 21.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 60,373 | 31.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia (own refineries) | 57,150 | 20.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Czechia: crude not from imports | Czechia (own refineries) | 39,000 | 13.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Libya | Germany | 27,136 | 14.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 26,604 | 13.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 26,562 | 13.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 25,987 | 13.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia (own refineries) | 25,800 | 9.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 20,140 | 67.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 15,786 | 8.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 10,613 | 55.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 4,433 | 2.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 4,181 | 13.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 4,061 | 2.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Slovakia | 3,724 | 12.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 2,716 | 14.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 2,264 | 11.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 2,231 | 11.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no refinery | Estonia | 2,000 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 1,955 | 6.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Poland | 1,471 | 49.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Poland | 1,070 | 35.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 1,058 | 0.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 824 | 4.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Poland | 458 | 15.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 353 | 1.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-10 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-10 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Czechia’s supply of road diesel in 2025-10, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2025-10 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-08 to 2025-10.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Czechia: crude not from imports (39,000 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (15,786 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (5,256 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: no refinery (2,000 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.