Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2023, Czechia's road diesel supply was 432 kt: 50% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (33%) and Slovakia (12%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (35%), Azerbaijan (15%) and Kazakhstan (11%), and 7% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia151 kt (est. 35%)Azerbaijan66 kt (est. 15%)Kazakhstan50 kt (est. 11%)United States28 kt (est. 6%)Norway24 kt (est. 6%)Libya20 kt (est. 5%)Iraq17 kt (est. 4%)Other crude origins48 kt (est. 11%)Czechia: crude origin not reported15 kt (4%)Germany: crude origin not reported6.7 kt (2%)Germany: crude not from imports4.4 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports2.6 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.3 kt (<1%)Czechia (own refineries)216 kt (50%)Germany143 kt (33%)Slovakia54 kt (13%)Austria11 kt (3%)Poland8.0 kt (2%)Czechia: road diesel supply432 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Czechia (own refineries)
- Germany
- Slovakia
- Austria
- Poland
- Russia151 kt (est. 35%)
- Azerbaijan66 kt (est. 15%)
- Kazakhstan50 kt (est. 11%)
- United States28 kt (est. 6%)
- Norway24 kt (est. 6%)
- Libya20 kt (est. 5%)
- Iraq17 kt (est. 4%)
- Other crude origins48 kt (est. 11%)
- Czechia: crude origin not reported15 kt (4%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported6.7 kt (2%)
- Germany: crude not from imports4.4 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports2.6 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.3 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Nov 2023)
337 tonnes
<1% of Czechia's road diesel supply
Unknown
Last shipped from
- Austria0.2 kt (65%)
- Poland0.1 kt (35%)
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia (own refineries) | Czechia: road diesel supply | 216,000 | 50.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Czechia: road diesel supply | 143,000 | 33.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Czechia: road diesel supply | 54,000 | 12.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Czechia: road diesel supply | 11,000 | 2.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Poland | Czechia: road diesel supply | 8,000 | 1.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Czechia (own refineries) | 102,417 | 47.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia (own refineries) | 61,811 | 28.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 48,129 | 89.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 39,349 | 27.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia (own refineries) | 29,552 | 13.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 27,116 | 19.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 20,303 | 14.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 17,371 | 12.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 15,305 | 10.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Czechia: crude origin not reported | Czechia (own refineries) | 15,227 | 7.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Iraq | Germany | 8,480 | 5.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Czechia (own refineries) | 6,993 | 3.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 6,733 | 4.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 4,813 | 43.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude not from imports | Germany | 4,399 | 3.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 4,013 | 7.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 3,945 | 2.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Poland | 3,740 | 46.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Poland | 3,611 | 45.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 2,343 | 21.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 1,857 | 3.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Iraq | Austria | 1,540 | 14.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 1,133 | 10.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 573 | 5.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Poland | 385 | 4.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 380 | 3.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria | 217 | 2.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Poland | 144 | 1.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Poland | 119 | 1.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
Source & method
Source Period 2023-11 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2023-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Czechia’s supply of road diesel in 2023-11, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2023-11 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-09 to 2023-11.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Czechia: crude origin not reported (15,227 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (6,733 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Germany: crude not from imports (4,399 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (2,575 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (337 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.