Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In December 2024, Czechia's road diesel supply was 500 kt: 53% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (34%) and Slovakia (10%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (35%), Azerbaijan (21%) and Kazakhstan (13%), and 6% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia174 kt (est. 35%)Azerbaijan105 kt (est. 21%)Kazakhstan63 kt (est. 13%)Norway33 kt (est. 7%)United States28 kt (est. 6%)Libya17 kt (est. 3%)United Kingdom16 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins35 kt (est. 7%)Germany: crude origin not reported13 kt (3%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports8.3 kt (2%)Czechia: crude not from imports8.0 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.7 kt (<1%)Czechia (own refineries)265 kt (53%)Germany171 kt (34%)Slovakia51 kt (10%)Austria12 kt (2%)Hungary1.0 kt (<1%)Czechia: road diesel supply500 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Czechia (own refineries)
- Germany
- Slovakia
- Austria
- Hungary
- Russia174 kt (est. 35%)
- Azerbaijan105 kt (est. 21%)
- Kazakhstan63 kt (est. 13%)
- Norway33 kt (est. 7%)
- United States28 kt (est. 6%)
- Libya17 kt (est. 3%)
- United Kingdom16 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins35 kt (est. 7%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported13 kt (3%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports8.3 kt (2%)
- Czechia: crude not from imports8.0 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.7 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Dec 2024)
16.1 thousand tonnes
est. 3% of Czechia's road diesel supply
less than 0.1 kt reported16 kt estimated
Inferred · medium
Last shipped from
- Germany16 kt (est. 100%)
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia (own refineries) | Czechia: road diesel supply | 265,000 | 53.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Czechia: road diesel supply | 171,000 | 34.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Czechia: road diesel supply | 51,000 | 10.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Czechia: road diesel supply | 12,000 | 2.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Czechia: road diesel supply | 1,000 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Czechia (own refineries) | 131,636 | 49.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia (own refineries) | 91,347 | 34.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 41,553 | 81.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia (own refineries) | 34,039 | 12.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 32,527 | 19.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 32,514 | 19.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 27,872 | 16.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 22,805 | 13.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 16,068 | 9.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 15,348 | 9.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 13,279 | 7.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Czechia: crude not from imports | Czechia (own refineries) | 7,978 | 3.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Slovakia | 6,506 | 12.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 6,093 | 3.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 5,962 | 49.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 4,494 | 2.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 2,941 | 5.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 2,465 | 20.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 1,229 | 10.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Hungary | 780 | 78.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Czechia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria | 749 | 6.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 733 | 6.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 733 | 6.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 156 | 15.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Austria | 129 | 1.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 39 | 3.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Czechia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 25 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Czechia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-12 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-12 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Czechia’s supply of road diesel in 2024-12, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-12 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-10 to 2024-12.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Germany: crude origin not reported (13,279 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (8,323 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Czechia: crude not from imports (7,978 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (749 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.