Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In February 2025, Czechia's road diesel supply was 468 kt: 46% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (39%) and Slovakia (11%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (30%), Azerbaijan (21%) and Kazakhstan (13%), and 6% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia142 kt (est. 30%)Azerbaijan99 kt (est. 21%)Kazakhstan60 kt (est. 13%)Norway36 kt (est. 8%)United States29 kt (est. 6%)Libya25 kt (est. 5%)United Kingdom18 kt (est. 4%)Other crude origins29 kt (est. 6%)Germany: crude origin not reported23 kt (5%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports5.3 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.7 kt (<1%)Czechia (own refineries)216 kt (46%)Germany182 kt (39%)Slovakia52 kt (11%)Austria18 kt (4%)Czechia: road diesel supply468 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Czechia (own refineries)
- Germany
- Slovakia
- Austria
- Russia142 kt (est. 30%)
- Azerbaijan99 kt (est. 21%)
- Kazakhstan60 kt (est. 13%)
- Norway36 kt (est. 8%)
- United States29 kt (est. 6%)
- Libya25 kt (est. 5%)
- United Kingdom18 kt (est. 4%)
- Other crude origins29 kt (est. 6%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported23 kt (5%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports5.3 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.7 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Feb 2025)
29.3 thousand tonnes
est. 6% of Czechia's road diesel supply
less than 0.1 kt reported29 kt estimated
Inferred · medium
Last shipped from
- Germany29 kt (est. 99%)
- Austria0.3 kt (est. 1%)
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia (own refineries) | Czechia: road diesel supply | 216,000 | 46.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Czechia: road diesel supply | 182,000 | 38.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Czechia: road diesel supply | 52,000 | 11.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Czechia: road diesel supply | 18,000 | 3.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Czechia (own refineries) | 94,945 | 44.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia (own refineries) | 90,822 | 42.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 46,678 | 89.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 35,500 | 19.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 28,955 | 15.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia (own refineries) | 28,109 | 13.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 25,113 | 13.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 23,082 | 12.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Libya | Germany | 21,742 | 11.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 21,582 | 11.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 18,404 | 10.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 9,838 | 54.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 6,920 | 3.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 3,493 | 19.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 2,952 | 5.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia (own refineries) | 2,124 | 1.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria | 1,713 | 9.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 1,632 | 3.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 1,369 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 882 | 4.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Slovakia | 738 | 1.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 703 | 0.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 379 | 2.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Austria | 326 | 1.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-02 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-02 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Czechia’s supply of road diesel in 2025-02, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-02 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-12 to 2025-02.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Germany: crude origin not reported (23,082 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (5,341 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (1,713 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.