Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In July 2023, Czechia's road diesel supply was 532 kt: 51% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (32%) and Slovakia (12%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (41%), Azerbaijan (13%) and the United States (9%), and 3% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia218 kt (est. 41%)Azerbaijan67 kt (est. 13%)United States49 kt (est. 9%)Norway39 kt (est. 7%)Kazakhstan34 kt (est. 6%)Libya25 kt (est. 5%)United Kingdom18 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins65 kt (est. 12%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports9.0 kt (2%)Germany: crude origin not reported5.5 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported2.1 kt (<1%)Czechia (own refineries)273 kt (51%)Germany172 kt (32%)Slovakia62 kt (12%)Austria11 kt (2%)Poland8.0 kt (2%)Belgium6.0 kt (1%)Czechia: road diesel supply532 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Russia218 kt (est. 41%)
- Azerbaijan67 kt (est. 13%)
- United States49 kt (est. 9%)
- Norway39 kt (est. 7%)
- Kazakhstan34 kt (est. 6%)
- Libya25 kt (est. 5%)
- United Kingdom18 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins65 kt (est. 12%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports9.0 kt (2%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported5.5 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported2.1 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia (own refineries) | Czechia: road diesel supply | 273,000 | 51.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Czechia: road diesel supply | 172,000 | 32.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Czechia: road diesel supply | 62,000 | 11.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Austria | Czechia: road diesel supply | 11,000 | 2.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Poland | Czechia: road diesel supply | 8,000 | 1.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Czechia: road diesel supply | 6,000 | 1.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Czechia (own refineries) | 171,746 | 62.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia (own refineries) | 64,146 | 23.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 44,641 | 72.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 38,618 | 22.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 34,397 | 20.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 23,870 | 13.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 23,582 | 13.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Czechia (own refineries) | 23,313 | 8.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 21,691 | 12.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 17,321 | 27.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 17,063 | 9.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia (own refineries) | 8,967 | 3.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 5,520 | 3.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia (own refineries) | 4,828 | 1.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 3,569 | 32.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Poland | 3,431 | 42.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Poland | 3,194 | 39.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 3,137 | 1.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 2,937 | 26.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 2,821 | 1.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 2,373 | 39.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Czechia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 1,874 | 17.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria | 1,754 | 15.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Russia | Germany | 1,300 | 0.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Belgium | 1,253 | 20.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Czechia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 756 | 12.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Czechia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Poland | 684 | 8.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 649 | 10.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Czechia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 616 | 10.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Czechia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Poland | 573 | 7.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 524 | 4.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 343 | 3.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 334 | 5.6% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Poland | 119 | 1.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Belgium | 18 | 0.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Czechia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2023-07 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2023-07 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Czechia’s supply of road diesel in 2023-07, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2023-07 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-05 to 2023-07.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (9,031 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (5,520 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (2,088 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.