Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In August 2023, Czechia's jet fuel supply was 37 kt: 68% from its own refineries, with imports from Germany (27%) and Slovakia (5%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (45%), Azerbaijan (15%) and the United States (10%), and 4% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia17 kt (est. 45%)Azerbaijan5.6 kt (est. 15%)United States3.8 kt (est. 10%)Kazakhstan2.7 kt (est. 7%)Norway1.7 kt (est. 5%)Libya1.2 kt (est. 3%)United Kingdom0.9 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins2.9 kt (est. 8%)Czechia: crude not from imports0.9 kt (3%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.4 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.3 kt (<1%)Czechia (own refineries)25 kt (68%)Germany10 kt (27%)Slovakia2.0 kt (5%)Czechia: jet fuel supply37 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Czechia (own refineries)
- Germany
- Slovakia
- Russia17 kt (est. 45%)
- Azerbaijan5.6 kt (est. 15%)
- United States3.8 kt (est. 10%)
- Kazakhstan2.7 kt (est. 7%)
- Norway1.7 kt (est. 5%)
- Libya1.2 kt (est. 3%)
- United Kingdom0.9 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins2.9 kt (est. 8%)
- Czechia: crude not from imports0.9 kt (3%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.4 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.3 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia (own refineries) | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 25,000 | 67.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 10,000 | 27.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 2,000 | 5.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Czechia (own refineries) | 14,933 | 59.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia (own refineries) | 5,435 | 21.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 2,559 | 25.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Czechia (own refineries) | 2,236 | 8.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,700 | 17.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 1,633 | 81.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 1,589 | 15.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia (own refineries) | 1,470 | 5.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 1,260 | 12.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 1,165 | 11.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Czechia: crude not from imports | Czechia (own refineries) | 926 | 3.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 855 | 8.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 367 | 18.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 364 | 3.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 315 | 3.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 147 | 1.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Germany | 46 | 0.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2023-08 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2023-08 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Czechia’s supply of jet fuel in 2023-08, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2023-08 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-06 to 2023-08.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Czechia: crude not from imports (926 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (364 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (315 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.