Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In September 2023, Czechia's jet fuel supply was 32 kt: 62% from its own refineries, with imports from Germany (25%) and Slovakia (12%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (48%), Azerbaijan (15%) and Kazakhstan (8%), and 2% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia15 kt (est. 48%)Azerbaijan4.9 kt (est. 15%)Kazakhstan2.7 kt (est. 8%)United States2.7 kt (est. 8%)Norway1.2 kt (est. 4%)Libya0.9 kt (est. 3%)United Kingdom0.7 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins2.8 kt (est. 9%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.4 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.3 kt (<1%)Czechia (own refineries)20 kt (63%)Germany8.0 kt (25%)Slovakia4.0 kt (13%)Czechia: jet fuel supply32 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Czechia (own refineries)
- Germany
- Slovakia
- Russia15 kt (est. 48%)
- Azerbaijan4.9 kt (est. 15%)
- Kazakhstan2.7 kt (est. 8%)
- United States2.7 kt (est. 8%)
- Norway1.2 kt (est. 4%)
- Libya0.9 kt (est. 3%)
- United Kingdom0.7 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins2.8 kt (est. 9%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.4 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.3 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia (own refineries) | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 20,000 | 62.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 8,000 | 25.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 4,000 | 12.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Czechia (own refineries) | 11,891 | 59.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia (own refineries) | 4,774 | 23.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 3,528 | 88.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 2,185 | 27.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia (own refineries) | 1,740 | 8.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 1,416 | 17.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Czechia (own refineries) | 1,245 | 6.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,209 | 15.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 978 | 12.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 888 | 11.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 706 | 8.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 472 | 11.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 301 | 3.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Czechia (own refineries) | 243 | 1.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 155 | 1.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 154 | 1.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia (own refineries) | 107 | 0.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Germany | 8 | 0.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2023-09 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2023-09 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Czechia’s supply of jet fuel in 2023-09, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2023-09 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-07 to 2023-09.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (398 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (301 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.