Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In September 2023, Czechia's petrol supply was 178 kt: 67% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (17%) and Slovakia (13%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (52%), Azerbaijan (16%) and Kazakhstan (9%), and 2% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia92 kt (est. 52%)Azerbaijan29 kt (est. 16%)Kazakhstan16 kt (est. 9%)United States13 kt (est. 7%)Norway5.1 kt (est. 3%)Libya4.2 kt (est. 2%)Iraq2.9 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins13 kt (est. 7%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported2.3 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.4 kt (<1%)Czechia (own refineries)119 kt (67%)Germany30 kt (17%)Slovakia23 kt (13%)Austria4.0 kt (2%)Hungary1.0 kt (<1%)Poland1.0 kt (<1%)Czechia: petrol supply178 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia (own refineries) | Czechia: petrol supply | 119,000 | 66.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Czechia: petrol supply | 30,000 | 16.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Czechia: petrol supply | 23,000 | 12.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Czechia: petrol supply | 4,000 | 2.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Czechia: petrol supply | 1,000 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Poland | Czechia: petrol supply | 1,000 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Czechia (own refineries) | 70,752 | 59.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia (own refineries) | 28,405 | 23.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 20,283 | 88.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia (own refineries) | 10,355 | 8.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 9,250 | 30.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Czechia (own refineries) | 7,405 | 6.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 5,308 | 17.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 4,534 | 15.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 3,669 | 12.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 3,331 | 11.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 2,717 | 11.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Germany | 1,589 | 5.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 1,508 | 37.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Czechia (own refineries) | 1,446 | 1.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 1,129 | 3.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Libya | Austria | 840 | 21.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Hungary | 770 | 77.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Czechia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Austria | 709 | 17.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Czechia (own refineries) | 636 | 0.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 580 | 1.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 578 | 1.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Poland | 534 | 53.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's petrol to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 511 | 12.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Poland | 378 | 37.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's petrol to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria | 268 | 6.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 169 | 16.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 106 | 2.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Poland | 70 | 7.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's petrol to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 57 | 1.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Germany | 31 | 0.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 31 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Czechia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 31 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Czechia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Poland | 17 | 1.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
Source Period 2023-09 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2023-09 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Czechia’s supply of petrol in 2023-09, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2023-09 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-07 to 2023-09.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (2,294 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (1,421 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.