Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2023, Czechia's jet fuel supply was 30 kt: 73% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (23%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (38%), Azerbaijan (22%) and Kazakhstan (13%), and 7% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia11 kt (est. 38%)Azerbaijan6.5 kt (est. 22%)Kazakhstan3.8 kt (est. 13%)United States1.3 kt (est. 4%)Iraq1.1 kt (est. 4%)Norway1.0 kt (est. 3%)Libya0.9 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins2.0 kt (est. 7%)Czechia: crude origin not reported1.6 kt (5%)Germany: crude origin not reported0.3 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.2 kt (<1%)Czechia (own refineries)22 kt (73%)Germany7.0 kt (23%)Slovakia1.0 kt (3%)Czechia: jet fuel supply30 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Czechia (own refineries)
- Germany
- Slovakia
- Russia11 kt (est. 38%)
- Azerbaijan6.5 kt (est. 22%)
- Kazakhstan3.8 kt (est. 13%)
- United States1.3 kt (est. 4%)
- Iraq1.1 kt (est. 4%)
- Norway1.0 kt (est. 3%)
- Libya0.9 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins2.0 kt (est. 7%)
- Czechia: crude origin not reported1.6 kt (5%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported0.3 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.2 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia (own refineries) | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 22,000 | 73.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 7,000 | 23.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 1,000 | 3.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Czechia (own refineries) | 10,431 | 47.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia (own refineries) | 6,296 | 28.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia (own refineries) | 3,010 | 13.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 1,926 | 27.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Czechia: crude origin not reported | Czechia (own refineries) | 1,551 | 7.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United States | Germany | 1,327 | 19.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 994 | 14.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 891 | 89.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 850 | 12.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 749 | 10.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Czechia (own refineries) | 712 | 3.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Germany | 415 | 5.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 330 | 4.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 215 | 3.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 193 | 2.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 74 | 7.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 34 | 3.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
Source Period 2023-11 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2023-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Czechia’s supply of jet fuel in 2023-11, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2023-11 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-09 to 2023-11.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Czechia: crude origin not reported (1,551 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (330 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (250 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.