Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2023, Czechia's petrol supply was 181 kt: 68% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (17%) and Slovakia (12%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (43%), Azerbaijan (20%) and Kazakhstan (12%), and 7% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia77 kt (est. 43%)Azerbaijan36 kt (est. 20%)Kazakhstan22 kt (est. 12%)Iraq6.6 kt (est. 4%)United States6.2 kt (est. 3%)Libya4.8 kt (est. 3%)Norway4.5 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins11 kt (est. 6%)Czechia: crude origin not reported8.7 kt (5%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.9 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.6 kt (<1%)Czechia (own refineries)123 kt (68%)Germany31 kt (17%)Slovakia21 kt (12%)Austria5.0 kt (3%)Netherlands1.0 kt (<1%)Czechia: petrol supply181 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Czechia (own refineries)
- Germany
- Slovakia
- Austria
- Netherlands
- Russia77 kt (est. 43%)
- Azerbaijan36 kt (est. 20%)
- Kazakhstan22 kt (est. 12%)
- Iraq6.6 kt (est. 4%)
- United States6.2 kt (est. 3%)
- Libya4.8 kt (est. 3%)
- Norway4.5 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins11 kt (est. 6%)
- Czechia: crude origin not reported8.7 kt (5%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.9 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.6 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia (own refineries) | Czechia: petrol supply | 123,000 | 68.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Czechia: petrol supply | 31,000 | 17.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Czechia: petrol supply | 21,000 | 11.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Czechia: petrol supply | 5,000 | 2.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Czechia: petrol supply | 1,000 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Czechia (own refineries) | 58,321 | 47.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia (own refineries) | 35,198 | 28.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 18,717 | 89.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia (own refineries) | 16,828 | 13.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Czechia: crude origin not reported | Czechia (own refineries) | 8,671 | 7.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 8,530 | 27.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 5,878 | 19.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 4,401 | 14.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Czechia (own refineries) | 3,982 | 3.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 3,766 | 12.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 3,318 | 10.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 2,188 | 43.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Germany | 1,838 | 5.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 1,561 | 7.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 1,460 | 4.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Libya | Austria | 1,065 | 21.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 954 | 3.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 855 | 2.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 722 | 3.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Iraq | Austria | 700 | 14.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 515 | 10.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 383 | 38.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Czechia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 278 | 27.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Czechia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 261 | 5.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 173 | 3.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 128 | 12.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Czechia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 118 | 11.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Czechia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria | 99 | 2.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 49 | 4.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 45 | 4.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Czechia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2023-11 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2023-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Czechia’s supply of petrol in 2023-11, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2023-11 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-09 to 2023-11.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Czechia: crude origin not reported (8,671 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (1,936 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (1,607 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.