Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In December 2023, Czechia's jet fuel supply was 24 kt: 62% from its own refineries, with imports from Germany (29%) and Slovakia (8%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (33%), Azerbaijan (19%) and Kazakhstan (15%), and 7% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia8.0 kt (est. 33%)Azerbaijan4.5 kt (est. 19%)Kazakhstan3.6 kt (est. 15%)United States1.6 kt (est. 7%)Norway1.4 kt (est. 6%)Libya0.8 kt (est. 4%)Iraq0.7 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins1.5 kt (est. 6%)Czechia: crude origin not reported0.9 kt (4%)Germany: crude origin not reported0.4 kt (2%)Czechia: crude not from imports0.4 kt (2%)Czechia (own refineries)15 kt (63%)Germany7.0 kt (29%)Slovakia2.0 kt (8%)Czechia: jet fuel supply24 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Czechia (own refineries)
- Germany
- Slovakia
- Russia8.0 kt (est. 33%)
- Azerbaijan4.5 kt (est. 19%)
- Kazakhstan3.6 kt (est. 15%)
- United States1.6 kt (est. 7%)
- Norway1.4 kt (est. 6%)
- Libya0.8 kt (est. 4%)
- Iraq0.7 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins1.5 kt (est. 6%)
- Czechia: crude origin not reported0.9 kt (4%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported0.4 kt (2%)
- Czechia: crude not from imports0.4 kt (2%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia (own refineries) | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 15,000 | 62.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 7,000 | 29.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 2,000 | 8.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Czechia (own refineries) | 6,118 | 40.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia (own refineries) | 4,335 | 28.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia (own refineries) | 2,863 | 19.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 1,919 | 95.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 1,632 | 23.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 1,461 | 20.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,386 | 19.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Czechia: crude origin not reported | Czechia (own refineries) | 900 | 6.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Libya | Germany | 844 | 12.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 747 | 10.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 433 | 6.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Iraq | Czechia (own refineries) | 417 | 2.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Czechia: crude not from imports | Czechia (own refineries) | 368 | 2.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Iraq | Germany | 287 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 210 | 3.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 81 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2023-12 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2023-12 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Czechia’s supply of jet fuel in 2023-12, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2023-12 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-10 to 2023-12.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Czechia: crude origin not reported (900 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (433 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Czechia: crude not from imports (368 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.