Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In December 2023, Czechia's petrol supply was 175 kt: 71% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (17%) and Slovakia (9%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (37%), Azerbaijan (21%) and Kazakhstan (17%), and 8% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia65 kt (est. 37%)Azerbaijan37 kt (est. 21%)Kazakhstan29 kt (est. 17%)United States7.0 kt (est. 4%)Norway5.9 kt (est. 3%)Iraq5.3 kt (est. 3%)Libya4.8 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins7.4 kt (est. 4%)Czechia: crude origin not reported7.4 kt (4%)Czechia: crude not from imports3.0 kt (2%)Germany: crude origin not reported1.9 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.4 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.4 kt (<1%)Czechia (own refineries)124 kt (71%)Germany30 kt (17%)Slovakia15 kt (9%)Austria6.0 kt (3%)Czechia: petrol supply175 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Czechia (own refineries)
- Germany
- Slovakia
- Austria
- Russia65 kt (est. 37%)
- Azerbaijan37 kt (est. 21%)
- Kazakhstan29 kt (est. 17%)
- United States7.0 kt (est. 4%)
- Norway5.9 kt (est. 3%)
- Iraq5.3 kt (est. 3%)
- Libya4.8 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins7.4 kt (est. 4%)
- Czechia: crude origin not reported7.4 kt (4%)
- Czechia: crude not from imports3.0 kt (2%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported1.9 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.4 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.4 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia (own refineries) | Czechia: petrol supply | 124,000 | 70.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Czechia: petrol supply | 30,000 | 17.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Czechia: petrol supply | 15,000 | 8.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Czechia: petrol supply | 6,000 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Czechia (own refineries) | 50,574 | 40.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia (own refineries) | 35,834 | 28.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia (own refineries) | 23,664 | 19.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 14,390 | 95.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Czechia: crude origin not reported | Czechia (own refineries) | 7,437 | 6.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United States | Germany | 6,994 | 23.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 6,259 | 20.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 5,942 | 19.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 3,617 | 12.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Czechia (own refineries) | 3,448 | 2.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 3,200 | 10.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Czechia: crude not from imports | Czechia (own refineries) | 3,043 | 2.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 2,622 | 43.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 1,855 | 6.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Iraq | Germany | 1,230 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 1,214 | 20.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 902 | 3.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 610 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Austria | 581 | 9.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 496 | 8.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria | 406 | 6.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 387 | 6.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 294 | 4.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2023-12 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2023-12 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Czechia’s supply of petrol in 2023-12, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2023-12 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-10 to 2023-12.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Czechia: crude origin not reported (7,437 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Czechia: crude not from imports (3,043 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (1,855 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (406 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (387 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.