Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In May 2024, Czechia's jet fuel supply was 36 kt: 56% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (36%) and Slovakia (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (26%), Azerbaijan (25%) and Kazakhstan (14%), and 4% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia9.4 kt (est. 26%)Azerbaijan9.1 kt (est. 25%)Kazakhstan5.0 kt (est. 14%)Norway2.7 kt (est. 7%)United States2.6 kt (est. 7%)United Kingdom1.2 kt (est. 3%)Libya1.2 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins3.4 kt (est. 9%)Germany: crude origin not reported1.1 kt (3%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.4 kt (1%)Czechia (own refineries)20 kt (56%)Germany13 kt (36%)Slovakia2.0 kt (6%)Poland1.0 kt (3%)Czechia: jet fuel supply36 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Czechia (own refineries)
- Germany
- Slovakia
- Poland
- Russia9.4 kt (est. 26%)
- Azerbaijan9.1 kt (est. 25%)
- Kazakhstan5.0 kt (est. 14%)
- Norway2.7 kt (est. 7%)
- United States2.6 kt (est. 7%)
- United Kingdom1.2 kt (est. 3%)
- Libya1.2 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins3.4 kt (est. 9%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported1.1 kt (3%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.4 kt (1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia (own refineries) | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 20,000 | 55.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 13,000 | 36.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 2,000 | 5.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Poland | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 1,000 | 2.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azerbaijan | Czechia (own refineries) | 8,934 | 44.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Czechia (own refineries) | 7,973 | 39.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia (own refineries) | 3,093 | 15.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 2,467 | 19.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 2,453 | 18.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 2,378 | 18.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 1,877 | 14.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 1,405 | 70.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 1,171 | 9.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 1,164 | 9.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 1,054 | 8.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Poland | 536 | 53.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's jet fuel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 426 | 21.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Poland | 318 | 31.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's jet fuel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 244 | 1.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 181 | 1.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 169 | 8.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Poland | 87 | 8.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's jet fuel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Poland | 29 | 2.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's jet fuel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Poland | 16 | 1.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's jet fuel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Poland | 15 | 1.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-05 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-05 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Czechia’s supply of jet fuel in 2024-05, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-05 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-03 to 2024-05.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Germany: crude origin not reported (1,054 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (428 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.