Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In May 2024, Czechia's petrol supply was 149 kt: 57% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (26%), Austria (7%) and Slovakia (7%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (28%), Azerbaijan (26%) and Kazakhstan (17%), and 4% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia42 kt (est. 28%)Azerbaijan39 kt (est. 26%)Kazakhstan25 kt (est. 17%)Norway8.3 kt (est. 6%)United States8.1 kt (est. 5%)Libya5.0 kt (est. 3%)Saudi Arabia4.6 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins12 kt (est. 8%)Germany: crude origin not reported3.1 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports2.1 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.3 kt (<1%)Czechia (own refineries)85 kt (57%)Germany38 kt (26%)Slovakia10 kt (7%)Austria10 kt (7%)Poland3.0 kt (2%)Netherlands2.0 kt (1%)Hungary1.0 kt (<1%)Czechia: petrol supply149 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Czechia (own refineries)
- Germany
- Slovakia
- Austria
- Poland
- Netherlands
- Hungary
- Russia42 kt (est. 28%)
- Azerbaijan39 kt (est. 26%)
- Kazakhstan25 kt (est. 17%)
- Norway8.3 kt (est. 6%)
- United States8.1 kt (est. 5%)
- Libya5.0 kt (est. 3%)
- Saudi Arabia4.6 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins12 kt (est. 8%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported3.1 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports2.1 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.3 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia (own refineries) | Czechia: petrol supply | 85,000 | 57.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Czechia: petrol supply | 38,000 | 25.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Czechia: petrol supply | 10,000 | 6.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Czechia: petrol supply | 10,000 | 6.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Poland | Czechia: petrol supply | 3,000 | 2.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Czechia: petrol supply | 2,000 | 1.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Czechia: petrol supply | 1,000 | 0.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azerbaijan | Czechia (own refineries) | 37,969 | 44.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Czechia (own refineries) | 33,885 | 39.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia (own refineries) | 13,146 | 15.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 9,158 | 24.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 7,212 | 19.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 7,027 | 70.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 6,951 | 18.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 5,897 | 59.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 5,486 | 14.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 3,403 | 9.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 3,080 | 8.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 2,128 | 21.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Poland | 1,607 | 53.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's petrol to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 1,564 | 15.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 1,434 | 3.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 1,353 | 13.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Poland | 953 | 31.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's petrol to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 845 | 8.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 712 | 1.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Russia | Hungary | 631 | 63.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Czechia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 586 | 29.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Czechia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 528 | 1.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 526 | 26.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Czechia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 364 | 3.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 289 | 14.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Czechia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Poland | 260 | 8.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's petrol to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 254 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 249 | 12.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Czechia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 247 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 182 | 9.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Czechia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 168 | 8.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 153 | 15.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 149 | 14.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Czechia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Austria | 131 | 1.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Austria | 105 | 1.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Poland | 88 | 2.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's petrol to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria | 85 | 0.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 67 | 6.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Czechia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Poland | 47 | 1.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's petrol to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Poland | 46 | 1.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-05 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-05 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Czechia’s supply of petrol in 2024-05, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-05 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-03 to 2024-05.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Germany: crude origin not reported (3,080 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (2,120 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (253 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.