Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In June 2024, Czechia's jet fuel supply was 36 kt: 58% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (28%), Austria (6%) and Slovakia (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Azerbaijan (36%), the Russia (17%) and Kazakhstan (16%), and 5% cannot be traced.
Country
Azerbaijan13 kt (est. 36%)Russia6.0 kt (est. 17%)Kazakhstan5.7 kt (est. 16%)Norway2.5 kt (est. 7%)United States1.8 kt (est. 5%)Libya1.2 kt (est. 3%)Saudi Arabia1.2 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins2.8 kt (est. 8%)Germany: crude origin not reported0.8 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.6 kt (2%)Slovakia: crude not from imports0.5 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reportedless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Czechia (own refineries)21 kt (58%)Germany10 kt (28%)Austria2.0 kt (6%)Slovakia2.0 kt (6%)Poland1.0 kt (3%)Czechia: jet fuel supply36 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Czechia (own refineries)
- Germany
- Austria
- Slovakia
- Poland
- Azerbaijan13 kt (est. 36%)
- Russia6.0 kt (est. 17%)
- Kazakhstan5.7 kt (est. 16%)
- Norway2.5 kt (est. 7%)
- United States1.8 kt (est. 5%)
- Libya1.2 kt (est. 3%)
- Saudi Arabia1.2 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins2.8 kt (est. 8%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported0.8 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.6 kt (2%)
- Slovakia: crude not from imports0.5 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reportedless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia (own refineries) | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 21,000 | 58.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 10,000 | 27.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 2,000 | 5.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 2,000 | 5.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Poland | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 1,000 | 2.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azerbaijan | Czechia (own refineries) | 12,670 | 60.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Czechia (own refineries) | 4,888 | 23.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia (own refineries) | 3,285 | 15.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 2,318 | 23.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 2,032 | 20.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 1,740 | 17.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 1,411 | 14.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 1,074 | 53.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 972 | 48.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 949 | 9.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 794 | 7.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Saudi Arabia | Poland | 504 | 50.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's jet fuel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovakia: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 490 | 24.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Poland | 408 | 40.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's jet fuel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 374 | 18.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 373 | 18.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 346 | 3.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 280 | 14.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 242 | 2.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 164 | 8.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 159 | 1.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia (own refineries) | 156 | 0.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Austria | 96 | 4.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Slovakia | 62 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Poland | 57 | 5.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's jet fuel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 50 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 48 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Poland | 32 | 3.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's jet fuel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria | 17 | 0.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-06 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-06 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Czechia’s supply of jet fuel in 2024-06, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-06 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-04 to 2024-06.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Germany: crude origin not reported (794 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (562 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Slovakia: crude not from imports (490 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (17 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.