Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In July 2024, Czechia's jet fuel supply was 55 kt: 62% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (24%), Slovakia (7%) and Poland (5%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Azerbaijan (28%), the Russia (26%) and Kazakhstan (12%), and 6% cannot be traced.
Country
Azerbaijan15 kt (est. 28%)Russia14 kt (est. 26%)Kazakhstan6.8 kt (est. 12%)Norway5.2 kt (est. 10%)United States2.2 kt (est. 4%)Saudi Arabia2.1 kt (est. 4%)Libya1.7 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins4.1 kt (est. 7%)Czechia: crude origin not reported0.9 kt (2%)Germany: crude origin not reported0.9 kt (2%)Slovakia: crude not from imports0.8 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.5 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reportedless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Czechia (own refineries)34 kt (62%)Germany13 kt (24%)Slovakia4.0 kt (7%)Poland3.0 kt (5%)Austria1.0 kt (2%)Czechia: jet fuel supply55 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Czechia (own refineries)
- Germany
- Slovakia
- Poland
- Austria
- Azerbaijan15 kt (est. 28%)
- Russia14 kt (est. 26%)
- Kazakhstan6.8 kt (est. 12%)
- Norway5.2 kt (est. 10%)
- United States2.2 kt (est. 4%)
- Saudi Arabia2.1 kt (est. 4%)
- Libya1.7 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins4.1 kt (est. 7%)
- Czechia: crude origin not reported0.9 kt (2%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported0.9 kt (2%)
- Slovakia: crude not from imports0.8 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.5 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reportedless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia (own refineries) | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 34,000 | 61.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 13,000 | 23.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 4,000 | 7.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Poland | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 3,000 | 5.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 1,000 | 1.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azerbaijan | Czechia (own refineries) | 14,672 | 43.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Czechia (own refineries) | 12,028 | 35.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia (own refineries) | 4,703 | 13.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 3,292 | 25.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 2,516 | 19.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 2,432 | 60.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 2,112 | 16.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia (own refineries) | 1,661 | 4.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 1,576 | 12.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 1,483 | 11.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Poland | 1,433 | 47.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's jet fuel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Poland | 1,022 | 34.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's jet fuel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Czechia: crude origin not reported | Czechia (own refineries) | 936 | 2.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 892 | 6.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Slovakia: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 806 | 20.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 542 | 4.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 529 | 13.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 490 | 49.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 330 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 245 | 1.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Slovakia | 233 | 5.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Poland | 184 | 6.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Poland | 179 | 6.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's jet fuel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 169 | 16.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 139 | 13.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Poland | 121 | 4.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's jet fuel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 75 | 7.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Poland | 61 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's jet fuel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Austria | 46 | 4.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 41 | 4.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 32 | 3.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria | 8 | 0.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-07 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-07 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Czechia’s supply of jet fuel in 2024-07, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-07 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-05 to 2024-07.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Czechia: crude origin not reported (936 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (892 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Slovakia: crude not from imports (806 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (469 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (8 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.