Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2024, Czechia's jet fuel supply was 30 kt: 80% from its own refineries, with imports from Germany (20%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (36%), Azerbaijan (28%) and Kazakhstan (14%), and 6% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia11 kt (est. 36%)Azerbaijan8.4 kt (est. 28%)Kazakhstan4.3 kt (est. 14%)Norway1.3 kt (est. 4%)United States1.0 kt (est. 3%)United Kingdom0.6 kt (est. 2%)Libya0.4 kt (est. 1%)Other crude origins1.2 kt (est. 4%)Czechia: crude not from imports1.3 kt (4%)Germany: crude origin not reported0.3 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.3 kt (<1%)Czechia (own refineries)24 kt (80%)Germany6.0 kt (20%)Czechia: jet fuel supply30 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Czechia (own refineries)
- Germany
- Russia11 kt (est. 36%)
- Azerbaijan8.4 kt (est. 28%)
- Kazakhstan4.3 kt (est. 14%)
- Norway1.3 kt (est. 4%)
- United States1.0 kt (est. 3%)
- United Kingdom0.6 kt (est. 2%)
- Libya0.4 kt (est. 1%)
- Other crude origins1.2 kt (est. 4%)
- Czechia: crude not from imports1.3 kt (4%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported0.3 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.3 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia (own refineries) | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 24,000 | 80.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 6,000 | 20.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Czechia (own refineries) | 10,897 | 45.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia (own refineries) | 8,266 | 34.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia (own refineries) | 3,516 | 14.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Czechia: crude not from imports | Czechia (own refineries) | 1,322 | 5.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,261 | 21.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 1,212 | 20.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 1,016 | 16.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 825 | 13.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 556 | 9.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 376 | 6.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 326 | 5.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 275 | 4.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 154 | 2.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-11 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Czechia’s supply of jet fuel in 2024-11, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-11 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-09 to 2024-11.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Czechia: crude not from imports (1,322 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (326 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (275 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.