Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2024, Czechia's petrol supply was 209 kt: 67% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (17%) and Slovakia (10%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (40%), Azerbaijan (25%) and Kazakhstan (15%), and 6% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia83 kt (est. 40%)Azerbaijan52 kt (est. 25%)Kazakhstan31 kt (est. 15%)Norway7.5 kt (est. 4%)United States6.3 kt (est. 3%)United Kingdom3.3 kt (est. 2%)Libya2.7 kt (est. 1%)Other crude origins11 kt (est. 5%)Czechia: crude not from imports7.8 kt (4%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports2.4 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported2.1 kt (1%)Czechia (own refineries)141 kt (67%)Germany35 kt (17%)Slovakia21 kt (10%)Austria10 kt (5%)Hungary1.0 kt (<1%)Netherlands1.0 kt (<1%)Czechia: petrol supply209 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Czechia (own refineries)
- Germany
- Slovakia
- Austria
- Hungary
- Netherlands
- Russia83 kt (est. 40%)
- Azerbaijan52 kt (est. 25%)
- Kazakhstan31 kt (est. 15%)
- Norway7.5 kt (est. 4%)
- United States6.3 kt (est. 3%)
- United Kingdom3.3 kt (est. 2%)
- Libya2.7 kt (est. 1%)
- Other crude origins11 kt (est. 5%)
- Czechia: crude not from imports7.8 kt (4%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports2.4 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported2.1 kt (1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia (own refineries) | Czechia: petrol supply | 141,000 | 67.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Czechia: petrol supply | 35,000 | 16.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Czechia: petrol supply | 21,000 | 10.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Czechia: petrol supply | 10,000 | 4.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Czechia: petrol supply | 1,000 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Czechia: petrol supply | 1,000 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Czechia (own refineries) | 64,018 | 45.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia (own refineries) | 48,563 | 34.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia (own refineries) | 20,656 | 14.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 17,943 | 85.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Czechia: crude not from imports | Czechia (own refineries) | 7,764 | 5.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Germany | 7,358 | 21.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 7,068 | 20.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 5,927 | 16.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 5,410 | 54.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 4,813 | 13.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 3,241 | 9.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 2,464 | 24.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Slovakia | 2,272 | 10.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 2,191 | 6.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 1,902 | 5.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 1,603 | 4.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 897 | 2.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Hungary | 802 | 80.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Czechia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 785 | 3.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 756 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 587 | 5.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Libya | Austria | 492 | 4.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 304 | 30.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Czechia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 256 | 25.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Czechia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 180 | 18.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Austria | 158 | 1.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 148 | 14.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Czechia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria | 133 | 1.3% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 98 | 9.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Czechia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 87 | 8.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 84 | 8.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Czechia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 18 | 1.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Czechia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Netherlands | 15 | 1.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Czechia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Netherlands | 9 | 0.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-11 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Czechia’s supply of petrol in 2024-11, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-11 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-09 to 2024-11.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Czechia: crude not from imports (7,764 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (2,379 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (2,121 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.