Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In February 2025, Czechia's jet fuel supply was 27 kt: 56% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (33%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (28%), Azerbaijan (25%) and Kazakhstan (13%), and 6% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia7.5 kt (est. 28%)Azerbaijan6.7 kt (est. 25%)Kazakhstan3.6 kt (est. 13%)Norway1.9 kt (est. 7%)United States1.5 kt (est. 6%)Libya1.3 kt (est. 5%)United Kingdom0.9 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins2.0 kt (est. 7%)Germany: crude origin not reported1.1 kt (4%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.3 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)Czechia (own refineries)15 kt (56%)Germany9.0 kt (33%)Poland1.0 kt (4%)Austria1.0 kt (4%)Slovakia1.0 kt (4%)Czechia: jet fuel supply27 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Czechia (own refineries)
- Germany
- Poland
- Austria
- Slovakia
- Russia7.5 kt (est. 28%)
- Azerbaijan6.7 kt (est. 25%)
- Kazakhstan3.6 kt (est. 13%)
- Norway1.9 kt (est. 7%)
- United States1.5 kt (est. 6%)
- Libya1.3 kt (est. 5%)
- United Kingdom0.9 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins2.0 kt (est. 7%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported1.1 kt (4%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.3 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia (own refineries) | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 15,000 | 55.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 9,000 | 33.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 1,000 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Poland | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 1,000 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 1,000 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Czechia (own refineries) | 6,593 | 44.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia (own refineries) | 6,307 | 42.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia (own refineries) | 1,952 | 13.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,756 | 19.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 1,432 | 15.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 1,242 | 13.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 1,141 | 12.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Libya | Germany | 1,075 | 11.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 1,067 | 11.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 910 | 10.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 898 | 89.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Poland | 590 | 59.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's jet fuel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 547 | 54.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 342 | 3.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 194 | 19.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Poland | 174 | 17.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's jet fuel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia (own refineries) | 147 | 1.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria | 95 | 9.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United States | Poland | 95 | 9.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's jet fuel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 76 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Poland | 66 | 6.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 57 | 5.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 49 | 4.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Poland | 42 | 4.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 35 | 0.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United Kingdom | Poland | 32 | 3.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's jet fuel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 31 | 3.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 21 | 2.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Austria | 18 | 1.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Slovakia | 14 | 1.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-02 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-02 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Czechia’s supply of jet fuel in 2025-02, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-02 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-12 to 2025-02.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Germany: crude origin not reported (1,141 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (329 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (137 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.