Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In March 2025, Czechia's jet fuel supply was 36 kt: 64% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (31%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Azerbaijan (26%), the Russia (23%) and Kazakhstan (14%), and 13% cannot be traced.
Country
Azerbaijan9.4 kt (est. 26%)Russia8.2 kt (est. 23%)Kazakhstan4.9 kt (est. 14%)Norway2.5 kt (est. 7%)United States2.0 kt (est. 5%)United Kingdom1.2 kt (est. 3%)Libya1.2 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins2.0 kt (est. 6%)Czechia: crude not from imports3.1 kt (8%)Germany: crude origin not reported1.2 kt (3%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.4 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reportedless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Czechia (own refineries)23 kt (64%)Germany11 kt (31%)Belgium1.0 kt (3%)Slovakia1.0 kt (3%)Czechia: jet fuel supply36 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Czechia (own refineries)
- Germany
- Slovakia
- Belgium
- Azerbaijan9.4 kt (est. 26%)
- Russia8.2 kt (est. 23%)
- Kazakhstan4.9 kt (est. 14%)
- Norway2.5 kt (est. 7%)
- United States2.0 kt (est. 5%)
- United Kingdom1.2 kt (est. 3%)
- Libya1.2 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins2.0 kt (est. 6%)
- Czechia: crude not from imports3.1 kt (8%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported1.2 kt (3%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.4 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reportedless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia (own refineries) | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 23,000 | 63.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 11,000 | 30.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 1,000 | 2.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 1,000 | 2.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azerbaijan | Czechia (own refineries) | 9,122 | 39.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Czechia (own refineries) | 7,259 | 31.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia (own refineries) | 3,560 | 15.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Czechia: crude not from imports | Czechia (own refineries) | 3,059 | 13.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Germany | 2,260 | 20.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 1,807 | 16.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 1,615 | 14.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 1,206 | 11.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 1,156 | 10.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 1,156 | 10.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 1,137 | 10.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 946 | 94.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 351 | 3.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 348 | 34.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Czechia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 314 | 2.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Belgium | 212 | 21.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Czechia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 164 | 16.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Czechia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 134 | 13.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Czechia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 61 | 6.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Czechia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 54 | 5.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Belgium | 49 | 4.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Czechia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 20 | 2.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Azerbaijan | Belgium | 12 | 1.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Czechia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-03 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-03 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Czechia’s supply of jet fuel in 2025-03, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-03 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-01 to 2025-03.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Czechia: crude not from imports (3,059 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (1,156 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (351 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (20 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.