Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In April 2025, Czechia's jet fuel supply was 35 kt: 63% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (29%) and Austria (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Azerbaijan (24%), Kazakhstan (17%) and the Russia (14%), and 19% cannot be traced.
Country
Azerbaijan8.4 kt (est. 24%)Kazakhstan6.0 kt (est. 17%)Russia4.9 kt (est. 14%)Norway3.1 kt (est. 9%)United States1.5 kt (est. 4%)Libya1.5 kt (est. 4%)United Kingdom1.1 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins1.9 kt (est. 5%)Czechia: crude not from imports4.7 kt (14%)Germany: crude origin not reported1.1 kt (3%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.5 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.2 kt (<1%)Czechia (own refineries)22 kt (63%)Germany10 kt (29%)Austria2.0 kt (6%)Slovakia1.0 kt (3%)Czechia: jet fuel supply35 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Czechia (own refineries)
- Germany
- Austria
- Slovakia
- Azerbaijan8.4 kt (est. 24%)
- Kazakhstan6.0 kt (est. 17%)
- Russia4.9 kt (est. 14%)
- Norway3.1 kt (est. 9%)
- United States1.5 kt (est. 4%)
- Libya1.5 kt (est. 4%)
- United Kingdom1.1 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins1.9 kt (est. 5%)
- Czechia: crude not from imports4.7 kt (14%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported1.1 kt (3%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.5 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.2 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia (own refineries) | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 22,000 | 62.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 10,000 | 28.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 2,000 | 5.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 1,000 | 2.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azerbaijan | Czechia (own refineries) | 8,189 | 37.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Czechia: crude not from imports | Czechia (own refineries) | 4,730 | 21.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia (own refineries) | 4,000 | 18.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Czechia (own refineries) | 3,932 | 17.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,952 | 19.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 1,693 | 16.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 1,482 | 14.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia (own refineries) | 1,149 | 5.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 1,144 | 11.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 1,088 | 10.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 1,073 | 10.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 1,024 | 51.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 1,012 | 10.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 976 | 97.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 369 | 18.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 340 | 3.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 216 | 2.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 195 | 9.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 191 | 9.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria | 170 | 8.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United States | Austria | 37 | 1.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 14 | 0.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 13 | 1.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 11 | 1.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-04 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-04 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Czechia’s supply of jet fuel in 2025-04, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-04 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-02 to 2025-04.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Czechia: crude not from imports (4,730 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (1,073 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (546 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (170 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.