Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In May 2025, Czechia's jet fuel supply was 46 kt: 57% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (33%) and Austria (7%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Azerbaijan (25%), Kazakhstan (17%) and Norway (13%), and 13% cannot be traced.
Country
Azerbaijan11 kt (est. 25%)Kazakhstan7.9 kt (est. 17%)Norway6.1 kt (est. 13%)Russia2.9 kt (est. 6%)Libya2.7 kt (est. 6%)Saudi Arabia2.5 kt (est. 5%)United States2.2 kt (est. 5%)Other crude origins4.7 kt (est. 10%)Czechia: crude not from imports4.1 kt (9%)Germany: crude origin not reported1.2 kt (3%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.3 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.2 kt (<1%)Czechia (own refineries)26 kt (57%)Germany15 kt (33%)Austria3.0 kt (7%)Slovakia2.0 kt (4%)Czechia: jet fuel supply46 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Czechia (own refineries)
- Germany
- Austria
- Slovakia
- Azerbaijan11 kt (est. 25%)
- Kazakhstan7.9 kt (est. 17%)
- Norway6.1 kt (est. 13%)
- Russia2.9 kt (est. 6%)
- Libya2.7 kt (est. 6%)
- Saudi Arabia2.5 kt (est. 5%)
- United States2.2 kt (est. 5%)
- Other crude origins4.7 kt (est. 10%)
- Czechia: crude not from imports4.1 kt (9%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported1.2 kt (3%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.3 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.2 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia (own refineries) | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 26,000 | 56.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 15,000 | 32.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 3,000 | 6.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 2,000 | 4.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azerbaijan | Czechia (own refineries) | 10,897 | 41.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia (own refineries) | 4,657 | 17.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 4,576 | 30.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Czechia: crude not from imports | Czechia (own refineries) | 4,067 | 15.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Czechia (own refineries) | 3,648 | 14.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 2,473 | 16.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 2,173 | 14.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 2,151 | 14.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 1,891 | 94.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 1,845 | 12.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia (own refineries) | 1,739 | 6.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 1,412 | 47.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 1,218 | 8.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Russia | Czechia (own refineries) | 993 | 3.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 486 | 16.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 427 | 14.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 298 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 265 | 1.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 257 | 8.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria | 192 | 6.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 130 | 4.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 95 | 3.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 49 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 30 | 1.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 30 | 1.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-05 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-05 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Czechia’s supply of jet fuel in 2025-05, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-05 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-03 to 2025-05.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Czechia: crude not from imports (4,067 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (1,218 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (287 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (192 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.