Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In June 2025, Czechia's jet fuel supply was 43 kt: 56% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (35%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Azerbaijan (27%), Norway (20%) and Kazakhstan (16%), and 3% cannot be traced.
Country
Azerbaijan12 kt (est. 27%)Norway8.7 kt (est. 20%)Kazakhstan7.0 kt (est. 16%)Saudi Arabia3.5 kt (est. 8%)Libya2.7 kt (est. 6%)Russia1.8 kt (est. 4%)United States1.8 kt (est. 4%)Other crude origins4.7 kt (est. 11%)Germany: crude origin not reported1.0 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)Czechia (own refineries)24 kt (56%)Germany15 kt (35%)Austria2.0 kt (5%)Slovakia2.0 kt (5%)Czechia: jet fuel supply43 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Czechia (own refineries)
- Germany
- Slovakia
- Austria
- Azerbaijan12 kt (est. 27%)
- Norway8.7 kt (est. 20%)
- Kazakhstan7.0 kt (est. 16%)
- Saudi Arabia3.5 kt (est. 8%)
- Libya2.7 kt (est. 6%)
- Russia1.8 kt (est. 4%)
- United States1.8 kt (est. 4%)
- Other crude origins4.7 kt (est. 11%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported1.0 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia (own refineries) | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 24,000 | 55.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 15,000 | 34.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 2,000 | 4.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 2,000 | 4.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azerbaijan | Czechia (own refineries) | 11,043 | 46.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia (own refineries) | 5,990 | 25.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 4,563 | 30.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia (own refineries) | 4,048 | 16.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia (own refineries) | 2,850 | 11.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 2,754 | 18.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 2,393 | 16.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 1,984 | 13.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 1,821 | 12.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 1,778 | 88.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 1,005 | 6.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 982 | 49.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 380 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 378 | 18.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 282 | 14.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 143 | 7.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 112 | 5.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 108 | 5.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 99 | 0.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria | 75 | 3.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Russia | Czechia (own refineries) | 69 | 0.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 63 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 56 | 2.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 24 | 1.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-06 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-06 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Czechia’s supply of jet fuel in 2025-06, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-06 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-04 to 2025-06.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Germany: crude origin not reported (1,005 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (135 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (75 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.