Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In July 2025, Czechia's jet fuel supply was 46 kt: 59% from its own refineries, with imports from Germany (24%), Austria (11%) and Slovakia (7%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Azerbaijan (26%), Norway (21%) and Kazakhstan (17%), and 2% cannot be traced.
Country
Azerbaijan12 kt (est. 26%)Norway9.8 kt (est. 21%)Kazakhstan7.7 kt (est. 17%)Saudi Arabia5.2 kt (est. 11%)Russia2.6 kt (est. 6%)Libya2.5 kt (est. 5%)United States1.3 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins3.7 kt (est. 8%)Germany: crude origin not reported0.7 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.2 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)Czechia (own refineries)27 kt (59%)Germany11 kt (24%)Austria5.0 kt (11%)Slovakia3.0 kt (7%)Czechia: jet fuel supply46 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Czechia (own refineries)
- Germany
- Austria
- Slovakia
- Azerbaijan12 kt (est. 26%)
- Norway9.8 kt (est. 21%)
- Kazakhstan7.7 kt (est. 17%)
- Saudi Arabia5.2 kt (est. 11%)
- Russia2.6 kt (est. 6%)
- Libya2.5 kt (est. 5%)
- United States1.3 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins3.7 kt (est. 8%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported0.7 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.2 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia (own refineries) | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 27,000 | 58.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 11,000 | 23.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Austria | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 5,000 | 10.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 3,000 | 6.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azerbaijan | Czechia (own refineries) | 11,579 | 42.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia (own refineries) | 8,020 | 29.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia (own refineries) | 3,743 | 13.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia (own refineries) | 3,658 | 13.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 3,164 | 28.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 2,589 | 86.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 2,531 | 50.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 1,959 | 17.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,804 | 16.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 1,535 | 14.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 1,310 | 11.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 936 | 18.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 715 | 6.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Libya | Austria | 546 | 10.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 379 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 292 | 9.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 275 | 5.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 271 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 242 | 2.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 215 | 4.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 117 | 3.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria | 83 | 1.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United States | Austria | 37 | 0.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-07 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-07 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Czechia’s supply of jet fuel in 2025-07, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-07 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-05 to 2025-07.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Germany: crude origin not reported (715 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (217 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (83 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.