Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In July 2025, Czechia's petrol supply was 193 kt: 55% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (27%), Slovakia (9%) and Austria (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Azerbaijan (25%), Norway (21%) and Kazakhstan (14%), and 2% cannot be traced.
Country
Azerbaijan47 kt (est. 25%)Norway41 kt (est. 21%)Kazakhstan28 kt (est. 14%)Saudi Arabia21 kt (est. 11%)Russia17 kt (est. 9%)Libya11 kt (est. 5%)United States6.4 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins17 kt (est. 9%)Germany: crude origin not reported3.4 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.8 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.3 kt (<1%)Czechia (own refineries)106 kt (55%)Germany52 kt (27%)Slovakia18 kt (9%)Austria12 kt (6%)Poland3.0 kt (2%)Hungary2.0 kt (1%)Czechia: petrol supply193 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Azerbaijan47 kt (est. 25%)
- Norway41 kt (est. 21%)
- Kazakhstan28 kt (est. 14%)
- Saudi Arabia21 kt (est. 11%)
- Russia17 kt (est. 9%)
- Libya11 kt (est. 5%)
- United States6.4 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins17 kt (est. 9%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported3.4 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.8 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.3 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia (own refineries) | Czechia: petrol supply | 106,000 | 54.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Czechia: petrol supply | 52,000 | 26.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Czechia: petrol supply | 18,000 | 9.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Czechia: petrol supply | 12,000 | 6.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Poland | Czechia: petrol supply | 3,000 | 1.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Czechia: petrol supply | 2,000 | 1.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azerbaijan | Czechia (own refineries) | 45,460 | 42.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia (own refineries) | 31,485 | 29.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 15,531 | 86.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 14,955 | 28.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia (own refineries) | 14,693 | 13.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia (own refineries) | 14,362 | 13.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 9,258 | 17.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 8,530 | 16.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 7,259 | 14.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 6,191 | 11.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 6,074 | 50.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 3,378 | 6.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 2,246 | 18.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 1,751 | 9.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Hungary | 1,624 | 81.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Czechia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 1,310 | 10.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 1,283 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Poland | 1,171 | 39.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's petrol to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 1,146 | 2.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Poland | 976 | 32.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's petrol to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 909 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 704 | 3.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 659 | 5.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Poland | 602 | 20.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's petrol to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 515 | 4.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria | 199 | 1.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 179 | 9.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 163 | 8.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Czechia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Poland | 110 | 3.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Austria | 90 | 0.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Poland | 85 | 2.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's petrol to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Poland | 57 | 1.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 33 | 1.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Czechia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-07 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-07 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Czechia’s supply of petrol in 2025-07, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-07 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-05 to 2025-07.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Germany: crude origin not reported (3,378 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (818 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (255 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.