Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In August 2025, Czechia's jet fuel supply was 47 kt: 53% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (38%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (25%), Azerbaijan (22%) and Kazakhstan (16%), and 3% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway12 kt (est. 25%)Azerbaijan11 kt (est. 22%)Kazakhstan7.4 kt (est. 16%)Saudi Arabia3.6 kt (est. 8%)Libya3.3 kt (est. 7%)United States2.3 kt (est. 5%)United Kingdom1.9 kt (est. 4%)Other crude origins5.2 kt (est. 11%)Germany: crude origin not reported1.1 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.2 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reportedless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Czechia (own refineries)25 kt (53%)Germany18 kt (38%)Austria2.0 kt (4%)Slovakia2.0 kt (4%)Czechia: jet fuel supply47 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Czechia (own refineries)
- Germany
- Austria
- Slovakia
- Norway12 kt (est. 25%)
- Azerbaijan11 kt (est. 22%)
- Kazakhstan7.4 kt (est. 16%)
- Saudi Arabia3.6 kt (est. 8%)
- Libya3.3 kt (est. 7%)
- United States2.3 kt (est. 5%)
- United Kingdom1.9 kt (est. 4%)
- Other crude origins5.2 kt (est. 11%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported1.1 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.2 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reportedless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia (own refineries) | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 25,000 | 53.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 18,000 | 38.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 2,000 | 4.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 2,000 | 4.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azerbaijan | Czechia (own refineries) | 9,925 | 39.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia (own refineries) | 8,529 | 34.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia (own refineries) | 3,839 | 15.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 3,312 | 18.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 3,141 | 17.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 3,027 | 16.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia (own refineries) | 2,708 | 10.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 2,444 | 13.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 2,278 | 12.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 1,909 | 10.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 1,637 | 81.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 1,077 | 53.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 1,051 | 5.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 478 | 2.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 391 | 19.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 361 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 209 | 10.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 158 | 7.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 142 | 7.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 139 | 6.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Slovakia | 82 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 77 | 3.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 40 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria | 33 | 1.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United States | Austria | 15 | 0.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-08 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-08 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Czechia’s supply of jet fuel in 2025-08, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-08 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-06 to 2025-08.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Germany: crude origin not reported (1,051 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (219 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (33 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.