Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In September 2025, Czechia's petrol supply was 217 kt: 63% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (22%), Slovakia (8%) and Austria (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Azerbaijan (28%), Norway (23%) and Kazakhstan (18%), and 3% cannot be traced.
Country
Azerbaijan60 kt (est. 28%)Norway51 kt (est. 23%)Kazakhstan40 kt (est. 18%)Russia16 kt (est. 7%)Saudi Arabia11 kt (est. 5%)Libya8.9 kt (est. 4%)United States6.5 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins17 kt (est. 8%)Germany: crude origin not reported3.5 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports2.3 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)Czechia (own refineries)137 kt (63%)Germany47 kt (22%)Slovakia18 kt (8%)Austria12 kt (6%)Hungary2.0 kt (<1%)Netherlands1.0 kt (<1%)Czechia: petrol supply217 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Czechia (own refineries)
- Germany
- Slovakia
- Austria
- Hungary
- Netherlands
- Azerbaijan60 kt (est. 28%)
- Norway51 kt (est. 23%)
- Kazakhstan40 kt (est. 18%)
- Russia16 kt (est. 7%)
- Saudi Arabia11 kt (est. 5%)
- Libya8.9 kt (est. 4%)
- United States6.5 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins17 kt (est. 8%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported3.5 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports2.3 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia (own refineries) | Czechia: petrol supply | 137,000 | 63.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Czechia: petrol supply | 47,000 | 21.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Czechia: petrol supply | 18,000 | 8.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Czechia: petrol supply | 12,000 | 5.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Czechia: petrol supply | 2,000 | 0.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Czechia: petrol supply | 1,000 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azerbaijan | Czechia (own refineries) | 58,092 | 42.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia (own refineries) | 44,163 | 32.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia (own refineries) | 26,514 | 19.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 14,537 | 80.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 13,616 | 29.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia (own refineries) | 8,231 | 6.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 7,919 | 16.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 6,615 | 14.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 6,357 | 53.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 6,247 | 13.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 6,145 | 13.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 3,493 | 7.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 1,783 | 14.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 1,703 | 9.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 1,658 | 13.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Hungary | 1,430 | 71.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Czechia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Slovakia | 1,321 | 7.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 1,107 | 2.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 1,010 | 2.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 980 | 8.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 912 | 7.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 850 | 1.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 439 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 376 | 37.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Czechia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 297 | 14.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Czechia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 273 | 13.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 217 | 1.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 205 | 20.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Czechia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 196 | 19.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Czechia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 150 | 15.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Czechia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Austria | 93 | 0.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 62 | 6.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 11 | 1.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Czechia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-09 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-09 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Czechia’s supply of petrol in 2025-09, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-09 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-07 to 2025-09.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Germany: crude origin not reported (3,493 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (2,292 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (62 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.