Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In October 2025, Czechia's jet fuel supply was 44 kt: 64% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (30%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Azerbaijan (23%), Norway (19%) and Kazakhstan (18%), and 12% cannot be traced.
Country
Azerbaijan10 kt (est. 23%)Norway8.4 kt (est. 19%)Kazakhstan7.8 kt (est. 18%)Saudi Arabia2.7 kt (est. 6%)United States2.0 kt (est. 5%)Libya1.8 kt (est. 4%)United Kingdom1.3 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins4.4 kt (est. 10%)Czechia: crude not from imports3.9 kt (9%)Germany: crude origin not reported1.1 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.3 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.2 kt (<1%)Czechia (own refineries)28 kt (64%)Germany13 kt (30%)Belgium2.0 kt (5%)Slovakia1.0 kt (2%)Czechia: jet fuel supply44 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Czechia (own refineries)
- Germany
- Belgium
- Slovakia
- Azerbaijan10 kt (est. 23%)
- Norway8.4 kt (est. 19%)
- Kazakhstan7.8 kt (est. 18%)
- Saudi Arabia2.7 kt (est. 6%)
- United States2.0 kt (est. 5%)
- Libya1.8 kt (est. 4%)
- United Kingdom1.3 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins4.4 kt (est. 10%)
- Czechia: crude not from imports3.9 kt (9%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported1.1 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.3 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.2 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia (own refineries) | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 28,000 | 63.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 13,000 | 29.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 2,000 | 4.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 1,000 | 2.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azerbaijan | Czechia (own refineries) | 9,770 | 34.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia (own refineries) | 6,121 | 21.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia (own refineries) | 5,674 | 20.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Czechia: crude not from imports | Czechia (own refineries) | 3,872 | 13.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 2,832 | 21.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia (own refineries) | 2,562 | 9.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 1,837 | 14.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 1,801 | 13.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,798 | 13.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 1,760 | 13.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 1,256 | 9.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 1,069 | 8.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 811 | 81.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 708 | 35.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Czechia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Belgium | 464 | 23.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Czechia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 363 | 18.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Czechia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 300 | 2.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 275 | 2.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 235 | 11.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Czechia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 164 | 8.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Azerbaijan | Slovakia | 124 | 12.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 72 | 0.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 65 | 6.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 39 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Czechia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Belgium | 23 | 1.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Libya | Belgium | 4 | 0.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Czechia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-10 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-10 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Czechia’s supply of jet fuel in 2025-10, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-10 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-08 to 2025-10.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Czechia: crude not from imports (3,872 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (1,069 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (324 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (164 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.